Topic 1.2.4

Question 1

What does the term ‘voluntary’ muscle mean?

Answer 1

A muscle that works on demand.

Question 2

Can you name the 11 voluntary muscles in your body?

Answer 2

Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals and gastrocnemius.

Question 3

Can you describe the term ‘antagonistic pairs’?

Answer 3

Muscles work as pairs, while one muscle contracts the other relaxes.

Question 4

Is the agonist (prime mover) the relaxing or the contracting muscle?

Answer 4

Contracting muscle

Question 5

Is the antagonist the relaxing or the contracting muscle?

Answer 5

Relaxing muscle

Question 6

Can you name the 2 antagonistic pairs?

Answer 6

Bicep and Tricep & Hamstring and Quadricep

Question 7

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the arm at the elbow?

Answer 7

Bicep

Question 8

What movement occurs at the elbow when the tricep contracts?

Answer 8

Extension

Question 9

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the leg at the knee?

Answer 9

Hamstring

Question 10

What movement occurs at the knee when the quadriceps contract?

Answer 10

Extension

Question 11

Which muscle contracts to allow extension of the leg at the hip?

Answer 11

Gluteals

Question 12

What movement occurs at the ankle when the gastrocnemius contracts?

Answer 12

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Question 13

Which muscle contracts to allow abduction of the upper arm at the shoulder?

Answer 13

Deltoids

Question 14

Which muscle contracts to allow rotation of the scapula towards the spine?

Answer 14

Trapezius

Question 15

What movement occurs at the shoulder when the latissimus dorsi contracts?

Answer 15

Adduction

Question 16

Other than the latissimus dorsi which muscle contracts to allow adduction at the shoulder?

Answer 16

Pectorals

Question 17

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the trunk?

Answer 17

Abdominals

Question 18

What are the 2 different types of muscle contraction?

Answer 18

Isotonic and Isometric

Question 19

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 19

A contraction of a muscle that results in movement.

Question 20

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 20

A contraction of a muscle which increases tension but the length stays the same.

Question 21

What are the 3 short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 21

Increase in muscle temperature, muscle fatigue and an increase in lactic acid production.

Question 22

What are the 4 long term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 22

Increased strength of muscles , increased size of muscles (hypertrophy), increased myoglobin stores, the tendons and ligaments become stronger.

Question 23

How do the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system benefit the body when taking part in physical activity?

Answer 23

You are more able to perform activities requiring strength, power and muscular endurance, improves immediate oxygen supply to the muscles and better support of joints.

Question 24

Why is it important that the muscular system has time to rest?

Answer 24

To allow muscles to repair and grow after exercise.

Question 25

What is it important to eat as part of your balanced diet to aid the muscular system?

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

What performance enhancing drug builds and develops the strength of muscles?

Answer 26

Anabolic Steroids

Question 27

What is the name of the injury that is common to the muscular system?

Answer 27

Strain

Question 28

How should you treat a muscle strain?

Answer 28

RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation)

Question 29

What does muscle ‘atrophy’ mean?

Answer 29

Loss of muscle mass and strength, this is often caused by stopping training.