Topic 1.21-1.27 - Ionic bonding Flashcards
Explain how ionic bonds are formed
When a metal reacts with a non-metal, metal atoms lose electrons to become positively-charged cations and nonmetal atoms gain electrons to become negatively-charged anions.
Define an ion
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
How do you calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in simple ions?
Protons and neutrons are calculated in the same way as they are for atoms.
However, electrons are calculated by:
﹒Working out how many electrons an atom of the element would have.
﹒Work out how many electrons have been lost or gained
﹒Calculate number of electrons in the atom plus the electrons gained or lost
Explain the formation of ions in ionic compounds from their atoms, limited to compounds of elements in groups 1, 2, 6 and 7
-Ions produced by metals in groups 1 and 2 and by nonmetals in groups 6 and 7 have the electronic structure of a noble gas
-Group 1 metals will lose 1 electron to form +1 ion
-Group 2 metals will lose 2 electrons and form 2- ions
-Group 6 nonmetals will gain 2 electrons and form 2- ions
-Group 7 nonmetals will gain 1 electron and form 1- ions
A compound will have an overall charge of 0 so the + and - charges need to be balanced
Explain the use of the endings -ide and -ate in the names of compounds
-These endings are for the negatively charged ions in a compound
-ide means the compound contains 2 elements
-ate means the compound contains at least 3 elements, one of which is oxygen
What ions do oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, carbonates and sulfates each involve?
﹒Oxides involve O²⎺
﹒Hydroxides involve OH¹⎺
﹒Halides involve a -1 halide ion
﹒Nitrates involve NO₃¹⎺
﹒Carbonates involve CO₃²⎺
﹒Sulfates involve SO₄²⎺
Explain the structure of an ionic compound
A lattice structure consisting of a regular arrangement of ions held together by string electrostatic forces between oppositely-charged ions
