Topic 12- The evolution of animals I Flashcards
What is an animal? (name the 3 aspects)
Eukaryotes, multicellular, Heterotroph
All animals reproduce BLANK but some can also reproduce BLANK
Sexually, asexually
Give 3 examples of asexual reproduction
-Budding in jellyfish
-Fragmentation in sponges and flatworms
-Parthenogenesis: asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs
What is the life cycle found in animals?
Choose one:
-Is a haplontic life cycle
-Is dominated by the halploid phase
-Includes meiosis that produces multicellular gametes
-shows the alternation of generations
-none of the above
none of the above
The diplontic life cycle is found in animals
Which metabloic reaction can be found inside animals cells?
C6H12O6 + 6O2–> 6CO2 +6H2O
Body plans- Radical symmetry vs bilateral symmetry
Radical symmetry: looks like an x
Bilateral symmetry: straight line (top to bottom)
Fill in the blank: Hox genes play important roles in the…
developement of animal embryos which
influence animal morphology
What are homeotic genes?
regulatory genes that control the placement and spatial organization of body parts in animals, plants and fungi
Body plans- Larva
sexually immature form of an animal that is morphologically distinct from the adult
Body plans- Metamorphosis
developmental transformation that turns the animal into a juvenile that ressembles an adult but not yet sexually mature
Simpe terms: turns the animal into a juvenile that ressembles an adult and is not yet sexually mature
Embryogenesis and development: what is the spiral cleavage?
Oblique to the axis of the body
Embryogenesis and development: what is the determinate cleavage and an example?
Each cell defines a specific part of the embryo
—> protostomes
Embryogenesis and development: what is the archenteron and blastapore ?
Archenteron = external environment
Blastapore = the opening of the archenteron
Animals with radical symmetry show two embryonic tissues, what are they?
Are they diploblastic or triploblastic?
Give 2 examples
Ectoderm & Endoderm = diploblastic
Ex-coral, jellyfish
Animals with bilateral symmetry show three embryonic tissues, what are they?
Are they diploblastic or triploblastic?
give 3 examples
Ectoderm, Endoderm & Mesoderm = triploblastic
Ex- vertebrates, worms, insects
The blastopore develops into: the mouth in…
(2 things)
Protostomes = “first mouth”
and the anus in deuterostomes = “second mouth”
The blastopore develops into: the mouth in…
(2 things)
Protostomes = “first mouth”
and the anus in deuterostomes = “second mouth”
Embryogenesis and development: what is the radical cleavage?
Parallel to the axis of the body
Embryogenesis and development: what is the indeterminate cleavage and an example?
each cell has the potential to produce a complete embryo
—> deuterotosomes
What is the coelom?
The cavity lined by tissues derived from the mesoderm between the endoderm and ectoderm
Which of the following statements is the most accurate?
A. The cleavage of the zygote produces haploid cells
B. The lumen (inside) of the digestive tract corresponds to the external environment
C. In protostomes, the blastopore forms the mouth in second
D. The ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are three tissues found in the adult stage of animals
E. The coelom is a cavity that forms inside the ectoderm
B. The lumen (inside) of the digestive tract corresponds to the external environment
A species of fish lives in freshwater lakes and sees its internal temperature fluctuate over the seasons. This fish is…
A. A homeotherm
B. An endoderm
C. An ectoderm
D. A poikilotherm
E. A regulator
D. A poikilotherm
If the source of heat is internal (metabolism) it is …
Endoderm
If the source of heat is external (sunlight) it is…
ectoderm
If there is a mechanism to attenuate/reduce the variations of the internal environnment when the external environnement fluctuates it is…
Homeotherm (regulator)
If the variations in the internal environnment can be tolerated when the external environment fluctuates it is…
Poikilotherm (conformer)
*basically when the internal body temerature changes according to its external environnment
