Topic 10- Protists

Question 1

Eukaryotes- what constitutes a selective barrier with the environnment?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Question 2

Eukaryotes- What is the Cytoplasm and what does it contain? (Choose 3):

Cytosol
plasma mebrane
Rough ER
Smooth ER
organelles
Cytoskeleton
inclusions

Answer 2

It is the total content of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane (excluding the nucleus)

Cytosol, organelles, inclusions

Question 3

Eukaryotes- Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes (DNA + proteins)

Question 4

Eukaryotes- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough ER & Smooth ER

Answer 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Membranous network
Rough ER (ribsome-studded): synthesis of proteins
Smooth ER (ribsome-free): synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, matabolism, sterioids, detoxification, calcim storage

Question 5

Eukaryotes- Protein and phospholipid modifications/trafficking

Answer 5

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Eukaryotes- Mitchochodrion

Answer 6

-Double membrane-bound organelle performing cellular respiration
-Uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP
-Possess its own DNA (endosymbiosis)

Question 7

Eukaryotes- Cytoskeleton

Answer 7

Network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 8

Eukaryotes- Oxidative organelle containing enzymes tranferring hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide which is toxic for the cell

Answer 8

Peroxisome

Question 9

Eukaryotes- Lysosome

Answer 9

digestive organelle (hydrolosis of macromolecules)

Question 10

Eukaryotes- Flagellum

Answer 10

Long cellular appendage specilized in locomotion (tail of the cell)

Question 11

Photosynthetic eukaryotes- Photosynthetic eukaryotes have both….

Answer 11

Mitochondria and plastids

Question 12

What are plastids?

Answer 12

family of closely related organelles:
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Amyloplasts

Question 13

What does Chloroplast do?

Answer 13

Organelle that absorbs sunlight and uses it for synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. Possesses its own DNA

Question 14

What are protists?

Answer 14

-Any eukaryote that it not a plant, animal or fungus
-Most are unicellular

Question 15

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 15

-New genetic combinations can be beneficial in changing environnements
-Elimination of deleterious alleles from the population
—> can speed adaptation

Question 16

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 16

-An individual ‘dilutes’ its own genes every generation: only half of its genes are passed on
-Reproductive output is decreased by half for a given sex

Question 16

What are the types of life cycles?

Answer 16

3 types: Diplontic, haplodiplontic, haplontic

Question 17

the diploid stage is multicellular and haploid gametes are formed, meiosis is “gametic”, what life cycle is this?

Answer 17

Diplontic life cycle
diploid stage—> multicellular–> haploid gametes—> meiosis is “gamete”

Question 18

Multicellular diploid and haploid stages occur, meiosis is “sporic” , what life cycle is this?

Answer 18

Haplodiplontic life cycle

multicellular diploid and haploid stages—> meiosis is “sporic”

Question 19

The haploid stage is multicellular and the diploid stage is unicellular, meiosis is “zygotic”, what life cycle is this?

Answer 19

Haplontic life cycle
Haploid stage is multicellular—> diploid stage is unicellular—> meiosis is “zygotic”