Topic 1.2 - Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Give three differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 1

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts that animal cells don’t have.
Animal cells have lysosomes that plant cells don’t have.

Question 2

What is an organelle ?

Answer 2

It is a compartmentalised structure that serves a specific purpose

Question 3

Give example of organelles and their functions

Answer 3

80S ribosomes – Responsible for protein synthesis (translation)
Nucleus – Stores genetic information (site of transcription)
Mitochondria – Site of aerobic respiration (ATP production)
Endoplasmic reticulum – Transports materials between organelles
Golgi complex – Sorts, stores, modifies & exports secretory products
Centrosomes – Involved in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 4

Give the two types of organelles that are found only in specific types of cells (animal and plant) and their function

Answer 4

Chloroplasts – Site of photosynthesis (plant cells only)
Lysosomes – Breakdown of macromolecules (animal cells)

Question 5

Which type of vacuole does an animal cell present ? Temporary vacuoles or Large central vacuole ?

Answer 5

Temporary vacuoles

Question 6

Is cholesterol present in the animal cell membrane or the plant cell membrane ?

Answer 6

In the animal cell membrane

Question 7

What does glucose transform into in each type of cell ?

Answer 7

Animal : Glucose → glycogen
Plant : Glucose → starch