Topic 11.2 Flashcards
1
Q
Exoskeletons
A
- External skeletons that surround and protect most of the body surface of animals
2
Q
How do bones and exoskeletons facilitate movement
A
- Provide an anchorage for muscles
- Act as levers
3
Q
Give one example of an antagonistic pairs and explain
A
- Biceps and triceps
- When biceps contracts, tricepts relaxes
- the arm bends
4
Q
Name another animal that uses antagonistic pairs of muscles
A
- Grasshoppers use antagonistic pairs of muscles to produce a powerful jump
5
Q
Annotate the following diagram of the human elbow
A
Refer to picture
6
Q
Cartilage
A
- Tough, smooth tissue that covers the regions of bone in the joint
- Prevents contract between regions of bone that might otherwise rub together
- Prevents friction
- Absorbs shocks that might cause bones to fracture
7
Q
Synovial fluid
A
- Fills the cavity in the joint between the cartilages on the ends of the bones
- Lubricates the joint
- Prevent the friction
8
Q
Joint capsule
A
- Tough ligamentous covering to the joint
- Seals the joint and holds in the synovial fluid
- Prevent dislocation
9
Q
Tendon
A
Connects muscle to bones
10
Q
Ligaments
A
Connects bone to bone
11
Q
Hinge joint
A
- ie. knee joint
- only allows two movements (flexion/bending and extension/straightening)
12
Q
Ball and socket joint
A
- ie. the hip joint
- has greater range of movement
- can flex, extend, rotate and move sideways/back
13
Q
Label abduction and adduction in the following diagram
A
Refer to picture
14
Q
Label the following diagram of a muscle fibre
A
Refer to picture
15
Q
Skeletal muscle
A
- multinucleate
- contain specialized endoplasmic reticulum
- called skeletal muscle because are attached to bones
- called striated muscle because when their structure is viewed using a microscope, stripes are visible
- composed of bundles of muscle cells known as muscle fibres