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ANAT101 > Topic 11: The Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Topic 11: The Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic organs - lower urinary tract

A

bladder & urethra

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2
Q

Pelvic organs - reproductive

A

Female- uterus, vagina

Male- prostate

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3
Q

Pelvic organs - lower GIT (gastrointestinal tract)

A

Rectum, anal canal

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4
Q

Anterior compartment of pelvic organs

A

Bladder, urethra

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5
Q

Middle compartment of pelvic organs

A

Uterus, vagina/ prostate

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6
Q

Posterior compartment of pelvic organs

A

Rectum, anal canal

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7
Q

Pelvic Organs of the female

A

Bladder, urethra, uterus, vagina, rectum, anus

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8
Q

Pelvic Organs of the male

A

bladder, urethra, prostate, rectum, anus

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9
Q

Functions of the pelvic floor

A
  • the pelvic floor = made up of both muscle and fascia
  • helps support the pelvic (&abdominal) viscera
  • contributed to increases in intra-abdominal pressure and then helps maintain intra-abd pressure
  • act as sphincters for the passageways through the pelvis - urethra, vagina, anus
  • assist in childbirth – form a ‘gutter’ for the head of the foetus
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10
Q

Pelvic floor muscles

A 
Levator Ani --> helps raise pelvic floor
- iliococcygeus 
- pubococcygeus
- puborectalis
Coccygeus
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11
Q

Coccygeus Proximal attachments

A

Spine of ischium

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12
Q

Coccygeus Distal attachments

A
  • lateral coccyx

- lower lateral sacrum

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13
Q

Coccygeus actions

A
  • increases intra-abd pressure
  • stops organs from coming out (viscera)
  • pulls coccyx anteriorly & repositions it
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14
Q

Coccygeus nerve supply

A

?

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15
Q

Puborectalis PA &DA

A
  • originates lateral from the symphysis on both sides and encircles the rectum (anorectal junction)
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16
Q

Puborectalis function

A

Sphincter for the rectum
- acts as a ‘sling’
When contracted- shortens + pinches off the rectum
Kinks the rectum to stop ‘fecal incontinence’

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17
Q

Puborectalis nerve supply

A

Nerve to Levator Ani

18
Q

Pubococcygeus PA

A
  • posterior surface of body of pubis

- tendinous arch

19
Q

Pubococcygeus DA

A
  • coccyx
  • perineal body
  • anococcygeal raphe
20
Q

Pubococcygeus Actions

A
  • supports the vagina and prostate in females + males respectively
  • aids ejaculation & assists proper positioning of foetus’ head
  • increases intra-abdominal pressure
21
Q

Pubococcygeus nerve supply

A

Nerve to Levator Ani

22
Q

Iliococcygeus PA

A
  • ischial spine

- tendinous arch

23
Q

Uterosacral ligaments

A

suspends & supports the uterus and cervix in position

24
Q

Iliococcygeus actions

A
  • supports the viscera in the abdominal cavity

- increases intra-abdominal pressure

25
Q

Endopelvic fascia

A
  • complex web made up of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle
  • provides a conduit for passage of nerves & blood vessels to the organs – helps run them to the right areas
  • helps maintain the organs in place (supports muscles)
26
Q

Rectovaginal or Rectovesical/ rectoprostatic fascia

A

Between rectum & either vagina (female) or bladder plus prostate (male)

27
Q

Iliococcygeus DA

A
  • coccyx
  • perineal body
  • anococcygeal raphe
28
Q

Pubocervical fascia

A

between bladder/ urethra & vagina

29
Q

The Perineum

A

Superficial layer of muscles

- inferior to pelvic floor muscles

30
Q

two main regions of perineum

A
  1. urogenital triangle

2. anal triangle

31
Q

Iliococcygeus nerve supply

A

Nerve to Levator Ani

32
Q

Urogenital Triangle

A

Urinary + genital organs come through here (anteriorly)

33
Q

Anal triangle

A

Anal muscles come through here

34
Q

Urogenital triangle muscles

A
  • ischiocavernosus
  • bulbospongiosus
  • superficial transverse perineal
  • deep transverse perineal
35
Q

Anal triangle muscles

A

External anal sphincter

36
Q

Perineal muscles functions

A
  • provide added closure to vagina & anus
  • support & fix the perineal body
  • maintain erection of penis/ clitoris
37
Q

Male bulbospongiosus

A

around base of penis

38
Q

female bulbospongiosus

A

around vaginal opening

39
Q

Perineal Body

A
  • irregular fibromuscular mass
  • located in the midline between the anus and the vagina/ bulb of the penis
  • site of convergence for both muscle + fascia which form the pelvic floor
40
Q

Nerve supply to pelvic floor

A

Nerve to levator ani - with slight input from the Pudendal nerve

41
Q

Nerve supply to the perineum

A

Pudendal nerve- with slight input from the nerve to levator ani

ANAT101 (7 decks)

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