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ANAT101 > Topic 10: The Pelvis > Flashcards

Topic 10: The Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The Pelvis bones

A
  1. Right & Left hip Bones
  2. sacrum
  3. joints
    - hip x2
    - symphysis pubis
    - sacroiliac x2
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2
Q

Pelvic girdle bones

A
  • hip bones

- many texts also say sacrum

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3
Q

Orientate the pelvis (anatomical position)

A
  1. ASIS and pubic tubercles line up in the same coronal plane
  2. inferior part sacrum/top of coccyx lies just above symphysis
  3. right and left ASIS line up in the horizontal plane (usually)
  4. Acetabulum directed inferolaterally
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4
Q

Functions of the pelvis

A
  1. support and protect pelvis viscera (& lower abd viscera)
  2. provides bony support for the birth canal (provides an exit for foetus)
  3. provides extensive muscle attachment sites
  4. supports the weight of the head, trunk, and upper limbs
  5. allows for weight transfer
    - from trunk to lower limb
    - standing – weight to femora
    - seated – weight to ischial tubs
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5
Q

How many muscles attach to the pelvis?

A

36

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6
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

junction between the greater and lesser pelvis (bony edges = pelvic brim)

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7
Q

Pelvic Inlet (brim) functions

A
  1. Marks the boundary between the greater & lesser pelvis

2. determines the size & shape of the birth canal, with the prominent ridges a key site for attachment of muscles & ligs

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8
Q

Pelvic Inlet (brim) bones

A
  • pubic crest
  • pectineal line
  • arcuate line
  • sacral alar and promontory
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9
Q

Pelvic Outlet location

A

end of the lesser pelvis, and the beginning of the pelvic wall

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10
Q

Pelvic outlet bones

A
  • coccyx (tip of)
  • ischial tuberosities
  • pubic symphysis (inferior part)
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11
Q

False (greater) pelvis

A

Superior to pelvic inlet

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12
Q

False (greater) pelvis function

A

Supports the lower abd viscera

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13
Q

True (lesser) pelvis

A

inferior to pelvic inlet

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14
Q

True (lesser) pelvis function

A

Within the lesser pelvis reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera

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15
Q

Male Pelvis inlet shape

A

Heart

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16
Q

Male Pelvis sacral promontory (inlet)

A

more prominent

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17
Q

Female pelvis inlet shape

A

Round

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18
Q

Female pelvis ischial spines

A

further apart

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19
Q

Female sub-pubic angles

A

greater

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20
Q

Alar of female ilium

A

wider

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21
Q

Pubic Symphysis classification

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

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22
Q

Pubic symphysis features

A
  • fibrocartilage disc in between the 2 symphyseal surfaces of both pubic bones
  • supported by ligaments
  • osteitis pubis (inflammation of the bone of the pubis)
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23
Q

Pubic symphysis ligaments

A
  • superior ligament
  • arcuate ligament
  • anterior ligament
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24
Q

Pubic symphysis mvmts

A

Limited movement

  • exception in pregnancy when the fibres soften (separation of the joint)
  • under the influence of the hormone relaxin
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25
Q

Sacroiliac Joint classification

A 
Anteriorly
- synovial, plane joint 
Posteriorly 
- fibrous joint 
--> due to massive interosseus ligaments
26
Q

Sacroiliac Joint Joint surfaces

A
  • are smooth in infants
  • develop a series of complementary ridges and depressions with age
  • -> these interlock and aid joint stability
  • joint cavity obliterated with advancing age
27
Q

Sacroiliac Joints articular surfaces (synovial part)

A
  • auricular surface of the ilium
  • auricular surface of the sacrum
  • tuberosities for fibrous part of the joint
28
Q

Sacroiliac ligaments (anterior) functions

A
  1. provides stability + attenuates forces to lower extremities
  2. prevents sacrum + spine from moving inferiorly
  3. prevents tendency of ilium to move laterally
29
Q

Interosseus sacroiliac ligament functions

A
  1. slightly movable (syndesmosis)
  2. stability
  3. keeps jt together
  4. fills space at the back of joint
  5. limits nutation
  6. divides the sacroiliac joint into ant + post
30
Q

Iliolumbar ligament function

A
  1. stabilises lumbosacral spine on the pelvis

2. supports the lower lumbar spine; they join the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae to the iliac bone crest @ back of pelvis

31
Q

Sacroiliac ligament (posterior/ dorsal)

A

Long & short fibres

32
Q

Sacroiliac ligament (posterior/ dorsal) functions

A
  1. provides stability and attenuates forces down to the lower extremities
  2. prevents sacrum + spine from moving inferiorly
  3. prevents tendency of ilium to move laterally
33
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament (post) function

A
  1. stability
  2. limits nutation
  3. locks inferior sacrum
  4. reinforced by biceps fem
    on ischial tub
34
Q

Sacrospinous ligament functions

A
  1. limits nutation
    - - when you bring sacrum forward, the ligament = more tense
  2. connects ischial spine to sacrum
35
Q

Weight transfer through the pelvis

A

Sacrum= suspended between innominate bones

  • weight pushes the sacrum inferiorly (shear force)
  • sacrum becomes ‘wedged’ in
  • irregular joint surfaces interlock
  • ligaments come under tension
  • ligament attachments mean the ilia are pulled towards the sacrum
  • sacroiliac joint self-locks
36
Q

Sacroiliac Joint movements - due to FORCES not MUSCLES

A

Movements:

  • small magnitude of gliding rotation movements
  • nutation
  • counter-nutation
37
Q

Nutation

A

Anterior rotation of superior sacrum

38
Q

Counter-Nutation

A

Anterior rotation of inferior sacrum/ posterior rotation of superior sacrum

39
Q

Which ligaments resist nutation

A
  1. Sacrotuberous ligament

2. Sacrospinous ligament

40
Q

Form and Force Closure

A

The stability for the high loads transferred through the jts of the pelvis come from both form & force closure

41
Q

Form Closure

A

Stability of the joint from pelvic anatomy design (passive structures)

42
Q

Force Closure

A

Describes the other forces acting across pelvic jts to create stability (active structures incl. fascia)

43
Q

Form Closure (passive structures)

A
  • joint configuration- ridged, interlocking surfaces
  • Joint surface alignment relative to
    1. gravity and bodyweight - “keystone-like” shape
  • Tension in the restraining ligaments associated with normal
    alignment of the segments
44
Q

Force Closure (active structures)

A
  • refers to the interaction of multiple muscles
  • which act across the joint to enhance compression on the joint surfaces
  • this assists in joint stability
  • is the so-called active myofascial oblique sling system
45
Q

Myofascial oblique sling system

A

Holds things together and maintains posture (muscles and fascia)

46
Q

Movements of the pelvis in the coronal plane

A
  • Around an A-P axis
    1. pelvic lift (tilt)
    2. pelvic drop (tilt)
  • corresponding lateral flexion of the lumbar spine (contralateral flexion with pelvic drop)
  • corresponding hip abduction with pelvic drop
47
Q

Pelvic Drop produced by:

A

Ipsilateral gluteus medius

Contralateral hip adductors

48
Q

Pelvic Lift produced by:

A

Contralateral Gluteus medius

Ipsilateral hip adductors

49
Q

Pelvic drop movement controlled by:

A

Contralateral Gluteus Medius

Ipsilateral Hip adductors

50
Q

Pelvic lift movement controlled by:

A

Ipsilateral gluteus medius

Contralateral hip adductors

51
Q

Movements of the pelvis in the sagittal plane

A
  1. anterior pelvic tilt
  2. posterior pelvic tilt
    Corresponding increase lumbar lordosis with anterior pelvic tilt
    Corresponding hip flexion pelvic tilt
52
Q

Pelvic tilt vs nutation/ counter-nutation:

A

nutation/ counter-nutation = rotation of the SACRUM

anterior/ posterior pelvic tilt = rotation of the ENTIRE pelvis

53
Q

Anterior Pelvic tilt produced by

A

hip flexors

54
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt produced by

A

hip extensors

55
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt controlled by

A

hip extensors

56
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt controlled by

A

hip flexors

57
Q

Movements in the horizontal (transverse) plane

A
  1. Rotation to the right
  2. Rotation to the left
    Corresponding contralateral hip ER i.e. rotate to the right = left hip will externally rotate
58
Q

Pelvic rotation to the R produced by:

A

Left hip lateral rotators

Right hip medial rotators

59
Q

Pelvic rotation to the L produced by:

A

Left hip medial rotators

Right hip lateral rotators

60
Q

Pelvic rotation to the R controlled by:

A

Right hip lateral rotators

Left hip medial rotators

61
Q

Pelvic rotation to the L controlled by:

A

Right hip medial rotators

Left hip lateral rotators

ANAT101 (7 decks)

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