Topic 11: fungi Flashcards
kingdom fungi is part of which monophyletic group of the eukaryotes
its with unikonta, it common ancestor is aquatic, unicellular, flagellated protsits
the likely colonized land with plants as…
mycorrhizal, symbionts of plants - they improve the nutrient status of their host plant, influence mineral nutrition, water absorption and growth and provide disease distance, in exchange for carbohydrates
the five phyla in kingdom fungi are
Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
mycon=fungi
what drove the diversification of fungi
the method of absorbing nutrients from wide array of food sources
how do fungi digest food if they have no organs to do so
use extracellular digestion-they secrete enzymes through cell membrane onto the food, breaking it down then absorb it through the cell membrane
how do fungi find food if they cant move
they grow into new areas
what are the basic characteristics of fungi
they are chemoheterootphs
-they secrete enzymes ) and exoenzymes) outside their body
-external digestion (saprophytes )
break down large organic molecules then absorb small simple ones
-they digest cellulose and lignin from plant tissue and chitin keratin from animal tissue
their symbiotic forms
- decomposers -break down and absorb nonliving organic matter(saprophytes)
-parasites0 absorb nutrients from cells of living hosts
-mutualists -absorb nutrient from hot, but give something back (mycorrhizae)
ecological role of fungi
-they speed up the carbon cycle - they relase CO2 through cellular respiration
-saprophytes are fungi that make their living by digesting dead plant material
body plan of fungi
-cell walls is made of chitin
-bodies of most fungi composed of hyphae (hyphae increase absorption)
Hyphae are:
-delicate tubes surrounding the cytoplasm
many hyphae is called mycelium
-mycelium acts as a feeding network
-they grow in the direction of food sources
fungal’s dominant life cycle is
haploid dominant
whats karyogamy
is the last phase in the process of fusing two haploid nuclei forming a diploid nuclei
whats plasmogamy
the fashion of the protoplasm without involving the fusion of their nuclei
facultative asexuality in fungal reproduction (and in comparison to plants )
they produce spores asexual and sexually
-spores always haploid (n) and produce hyphae
-spores of fungi are different from the spores of Plantae in that they are produced by both meiosis and mitosis not just meiosis as they are in plants
what does heterokaryotic mean
is when fungi delay karyogamy
and it basically occurs when a single fungus at some point during its life cycle, has genetically distinct nuclei ensconced in a common cytoplasm
