TOPIC #10 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

What consists of the respiratory system? (6 parts)

Answer 1

nose
nasopharynx
larynx
trachea
extrapulmonary bronchi
lungs

Question 2

In birds the trachea terminates in a flattened Y-shaped tube called…

Answer 2

syrinx

Question 3

What are the 7 parts of the nose?

Answer 3

nasal cavity
alae or wings
bridge
external or anterior nares
choanae or posterior nares
nasal septum
nasolacrimal duct

Question 4

Nasal cavity contains what?

Answer 4

nasal conchae (divided into right and left chambers by the nasal septum.)

Question 5

The surface ectoderm and the rostral end of the frontonasal prominence thickens to form bilateral _______.

Answer 5

nasal placodes

Question 6

The bilateral rostral openings of the nasal cavity becomes what?

Answer 6

external nares (nostrils)

Question 7

nasal pits transformed into…

Answer 7

nasal cavity

Question 8

The epithelial lining of the nasal cavity postnatally give rise to diverticula called _______.

Answer 8

paranasal sinuses

Question 9

What consists of nasal septum ?

Answer 9

bone
cartilage
loose connective tissue

Question 10

The laryngotracheal groove is derived from the where in the median floor of pharynx at the level of PP 4.

Answer 10

Evaginated endoderm

Question 11

Ectomesenchyme of VA 4 aggregates and elongates in a transverse plane to form the ______.

Answer 11

epiglottal swellings

Question 12

Splanchnic mesoderm on the lateral sides of the laryngotracheal groove also aggregate and elongate in a longitudinal plane to form bilateral _______.

Answer 12

laryngeal swelling

Question 13

The epiglottal swelling and the two laryngeal swelling grow together to form the ________ with a Tshaped opening.

Answer 13

larynx

Question 14

What is the smallest branches of the lungs?

Answer 14

bronchioles

Question 15

In very young embryos the lungs are situated dorsal to the where.?

Answer 15

Heart

Question 16

In older embryos the lungs are situated where?

Answer 16

heart and liver

Question 17

What are the 2 embryonic (intraembryonic) and extraembryonic compartments?

Answer 17

Embryonic Coelom
Extraembryonic Coelom

Question 18

It becomes the serous cavities of the trunk.

Answer 18

Embryonic Coelom

Question 19

It incorporated within the amnion (amniotic cavity) and chorion.

Answer 19

Extraembryonic Coelom

Question 20

In what region does the ventral mesentery is retained and liver grows into it.

Answer 20

hepatic region

Question 21

What are the 3 major cavities of embryonic coelom houses the visceral organs?

Answer 21

Anterior-ventral pericardial cavity
Caudal peritoneal cavity
Bilateral pleural cavities

Question 22

It contains the heart.

Answer 22

Anterior-ventral pericardial cavity

Question 23

It contains the digestive organs.

Answer 23

Caudal peritoneal cavity

Question 24

Connecting the pericardial and peritoneal cavities and contain the lungs.

Answer 24

Bilateral pleural cavities

Question 25

It separated the pleural and pericardial cavities in the adult.

Answer 25

fibrous pericardium.

Question 26

It  is derived from somatic and splanchnic mesoderm.

Answer 26

Pericardium

Question 27

Pericardium is derived from ______ and _______.

Answer 27

somatic splanchnic mesoderm

Question 28

The diaphragm is derived from ______ and ______ and _______ of cervical somites.

Answer 28

somatic splanchnic mesoderm myotomes

Question 29

It is the central tendinous part of the diaphragm.

Answer 29

Septum transversum and pleuroperitoneal folds

Question 30

Diaphragmatic musculature, pars costalis and pars lumbaris.  

Answer 30

Myotomes of cervical somites

Question 31

Malformations of the Lower Respiratory System Tract

Answer 31

Tracheoesophageal fistula Barker foal syndrome

Question 32

Malformations of Body Cavities

Answer 32

Pleuroperitoneal hernia Peritoneospericardial diaphragmatic hernia

Question 33

Failure of closure of one or both pleuroperitoneal folds

Answer 33

Pleuroperitoneal hernia

Question 34

During the fetal development the liver dissects away from the septum transversum, occasionally leaving a central weakness in the central tendinous part of the diaphragm. Intestinal herniation through this are into the pericardial sac will result in abnormal cardiac sounds and dyspnea.   

Answer 34

Peritoneospericardial diaphragmatic hernia

Question 35

It results from a partial persistence of the laryngotracheal groove, its presence in the newborn causes refluxing of feed through the upper respiratory tract, and inhalation of pneumonia.

Answer 35

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 36

Hyaline disease- results from a lack of production of pulmonary surfactant, which may temporary. Gasping of the newborn is a sign of its presence. 

Answer 36

Barker foal syndrome