Topic 10 - Leadership

Question 1

What are the benefits of leadership?

Answer 1

Hunting, protection, peace-keeping..

Question 1

When does leadership arise?

Answer 1

When individuals are better off acting and moving together, we can see the roles of leaders and followers likely emerge.

Question 2

What are the 4 requirements for the evolution of leadership?

Answer 2

1. Groups
2. Communication
3. Coordination
4. Cooperation

Question 3

In NHPs who do not have human language, how is leadership asserted/maintaned?

Answer 3

Via aggression, bullying, punishment. But also grooming.

Question 4

What is the mechanism that underlies who leads and who follows?

Answer 4

Dominance, especially physical, via appearance as well. Dominance signals example in chimpanzees faces and human faces.

Question 5

What is the role of appearance in leadership?

Answer 5

It’s fundamental. It’s one of the reasons why we like our leaders (heuristics: halo effect, stereotyping) along with personality and beliefs about the world.

Question 6

What did the study on appearance by Little et al. (2007) find?

Answer 6

By manipulating masculinity on faces, they found that more masculine features were preferred in war time, and female like features were preferred in peace time.

Question 7

What is leadership perception influenced by?

Answer 7

1. Physical differences
2. Fit-to-task judgements
3. Individual differences of the perceiver