Topic 1: work and careers Flashcards
the ability of people to produce useful results at work
Productivity
/ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ə.ti/ noun
to pay part of the cost of something, usually in order to help people
subsidise
/ˈsʌb.sɪ.daɪz
the government subsidising swimming lessons for children
the amount of work or goods produced
Output
In Europe, industrial output has decreased, maybe because of competition from producers in other continents
the ability to work hard but also enjoy a good quality family and social life
Work and life balance
People are working long hours these days, and so their work/life balance is affected, leading to stress.
to give them positive reasons for working hard
To motivate people
/ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪt
If employees are given regular feedback, they will probably be well motivated and committed
tiền lãi
Pay increments
(noun)
## Footnote
In my country, pay increments have been very low because of the financial crisis
reward from an employer which are not financial (eg free lunches, a car etc)
Perks
/pɜːk/ noun
Personally, I’d like to work for a company that gives lots of perks, because I would find this very enjoyable
any form of money payment (salary, commission, pension etc)
Financial rewards
Being a primary teacher may be satisfying, but the financial rewards are not high
money given in addition to salary, usually in return for achieving targets
Bonuses
Apparently some investment bankers can earn millions of dollars in bonuses
any reward that makes people work harder = encourage
Incentives
/ɪnˈsen.tɪv/ noun
Some employers offer vacations or parties as incentives if the team hits its sales targets
enjoyment of a job for non-financial reasons
Job satisfaction
/ˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/
I get a lot of job satisfaction from my work at the wildlife centre, although the financial rewards are quite low
dependent on hitting a target
Target-related
adj
My boss once offered me a target-related bonus, but it was almost impossible to achieve
training while working, not by leaving work to go to college
On the job training
(noun)
My sister has found that the on the job training she gets at her bank is very useful, and she has progressed well because of this.
training throughout your time in a job, not just at the start
Ongoing training
I enjoyed my work at the airline at first, but I soon found that there was no ongoing training and my skills weren’t really developed
programmes of training or education when employees can spend entire days out of work
Day release programmes
(chương trình nghỉ phép)
I feel that employers should be much more flexible regarding training, for example by subsidising day release programmes or job exchanges with other companies.
the ability to advance your career
Career progression
The problem with being a freelance photographer is that there’s no real career progression, unless you become very famous.
Job prospects
the possibility of promotion or higher level work in future
<triển></triển>
I remember an interview when the employer told me there were excellent job prospects in their firm for young people. In reality, this was not really true.
To measure
to assess the dimensions of something
< đánh giá >
to assess the dimensions of something
Superficial
not addressing deep or important issues
I’m not a big fan of traditional music. I find the lyrics rather old-fashioned and superficial for modern listeners
- Redundancy
=> made someone redundant
a situation where a worker loses their job because of changes in the company (not because of personal mistakes)
In my home town, the textile factories have closed and many people have been made redundant.
-Performance reviews
-Performance appraisals
/əˈpreɪ.zəl/
meeting at which an employer gives feedback to a worker on their work over a fixed period
I remember being worried about my job at first, but at my six month appraisal my manager told me she was pleased with my efforts
To restructure
to change the organisation of a company, usually in order to make it more effective or to save money.
We used to have a large training department in my office, but in our recent restructure it was eliminated and the staff were made redundant.
To downsize
to make an organisation smaller and employ fewer people
My father’s college used to employ almost one thousand people, but then it downsized and now has less than five hundred.
To outsource
to stop doing work inside the company and send it to other companies or other countries, usually to save money
< thuê ngoài >
Many American companies have outsourced their IT operations to Asian countries, where productivity is similar and salaries are lower
The workforce
the total number of people working in an organisation, company or country
The workforce in Northern Europe is skilled, but it’s also inflexible and much older than in other parts of the world.
Human Resources
the department in a company which manages recruitment, employment and training
When I graduate, I plan to work in the Human Resources area of the oil industry, possibly in the Middle East.
