Topic 1: Uk landscapes

Question 1

Name the rock types with examples

Answer 1

Sedimentary: Chalk, sandstone, limestone

Metamorphic: Slate, schist

Igneous: granite, basalt

Question 2

What are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 2

Formed by compressing small particles together
Formed in layers, may contain fossils/plants/animals
Easier to erode
Permeable and porous

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Metamorphic rocks?

Answer 3

Formed from other rocks changed by extreme pressure of heat
Formed from layers
Very hard
Impermeable

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Igneous rocks?

Answer 4

Created by volcanic activity when magma or lava cools
Very resistant to erosion
Impermeable = drain poorly, so boggy landscapes
e.g. Cairngorms in Scottish highlands

Extrusive: rapidly cooled lava = small crystals (BASALT)
Intrusive: slowly cooled magma within crust = large crystals (GRANITE)

Question 5

What rock types are found in upland landscapes? - why?

Answer 5

Metamorphic, igneous
- Upland landscapes are formed of harder, resistant rocks which have eroded slowly
- 300million years ago, tectonic processes caused molten magma to rise from earth’s crust. Some solidified underground

Question 6

What rock types are found in lowland landscapes? - why?

Answer 6

Sedimentary
- Lowland landscapes are formed from softer younger rocks less resistant to erosion

Question 7

Where are the different rock types found in the uk?

Answer 7

North (Scotland) = metamorphic, igneous
South = sedimentary

Question 8

What are the features of upland landscapes?

Answer 8

• Above 300m above sea level
• Pastoral farming (livestock rather than crops)
• Good for mining
• Small settlements due to steeper terrain = harder to build on
• Thin soil

Question 9

What are the features of lowland landscapes?

Answer 9

• Less than 300m above sea level
• Arable farming (crops)
• Secondary and tertiary activity