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Science 9 Unit C - Environmental Chemistry > Topic 1 - The environment is made up of chemicals that can support or harm living things > Flashcards

Topic 1 - The environment is made up of chemicals that can support or harm living things Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Nitrogen Fixation?

A

Process of changing free nitrogen that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to shape compounds that organisms can utilize.

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2
Q

Nitrogen can be fixed by:

A
  1. Bacteria in the soil
  2. Bacteria on nodes found at the ends of plant roots
  3. Lightning
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3
Q

Nitrogen becomes free again:

A
  • Used by living things
  • Lost in drainage water
  • Broken down by other bacteria in the soil
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4
Q

What is pollution?

A

Any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things.

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5
Q

What are the 3 elements that plants need to grow?

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

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6
Q

The 3 kinds of pesticides:

A

Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides

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7
Q

What does a herbicide do?

A

They kill weeds

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8
Q

What does a insecticide do?

A

They kill insects

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9
Q

What does a fungicide do?

A

They kill fungus

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10
Q

What is leachate?

A

Liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil.

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11
Q

What is a sanitary landfill?

A

Sites specially formed to prevent waste chemicals from moving into the soil.

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12
Q

What is sewage?

A

Wastewater including dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry

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13
Q

What is septic tank?

A

A big container which is underground and full of bacteria which breaks down waste and nutrients moved into the soil.

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14
Q

What is septic treatment plant?

A

They put chemicals into this water to clean it.

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15
Q

What is effluent?

A

Wastewater which is released from a factory or sewage treatment plant.

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16
Q

What is organic compounds?

A

It includes carbon.

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17
Q

What is inorganic compounds?

A

It does not include carbon.

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18
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

The power of hydrogen.

19
Q

What is Neutralization?

A

where an acid reacts with a base.

20
Q

What is Acid?

A

pH less than 7.

21
Q

What is Base (Alkali)?

A

pH greater than 7.

22
Q

What is the pH scale used for?

A

Utilized to measure how acidic a substance is.

23
Q

What is Litmus Paper?

A

A special paper that turns red in acid and blue in base.

24
Q

What is Universal Indicator?

A

A special paper that changes to a range of different colors depending on how acidic or basic a susbtance is.

25
Q

What is the Neutralization Equation?

A

Hcl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) - NaCl(aq)

Acid base → water ionic salt

26
Q

The products of neutralization (combining an acid with a base)

A

Acid + Base Arrow Water & Ionic Salt

27
Q

What elements are found in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

28
Q

What elements are found in proteins & amino acids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

29
Q

What is Nucleic Acid & What elements are found in nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic Acids is the largest and most complicated found in living things. They are made from Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

30
Q

What is micronutrient?

A

Micronutrient is very small or smalll scale.

31
Q

What is macronutrient?

A

Macronutrient is large or large scale.

32
Q

What are the macronutrients?

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium,, Sulfur

33
Q

What is optimal amount?

A

The balanced amount of nutrients an organism needs for best health.

34
Q

What elements are found in lipids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

35
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No extra energy is needed.

36
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water. No extra energy is needed.

37
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high . Energy is needed.

38
Q

What is Fertilizer?

A

A substance which enhances the soil so that plants will grow better.

39
Q

What is a pesticide?

A

Chemicals utilized to kill pests.

40
Q

What is a pest?

A

An organism that harms individuals, crops, or formations. .

41
Q

What is storm sewers?

A

large pieces that carry runoff water from yards and streets directly (without treatment) into a river, lake, or ocean.

42
Q

What is Fossil Fuels?

A

fuel shaped from dead plants and animals; coal, oil & natural gas.

43
Q

What is optimum amount?

A

the amount of a substance that provides an organism with the best health.

44
Q

What is the 4 necessary classes of organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Science 9 Unit C - Environmental Chemistry (4 decks)

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