Topic 1 - The environment is made up of chemicals that can support or harm living things Flashcards
What is Nitrogen Fixation?
Process of changing free nitrogen that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to shape compounds that organisms can utilize.
Nitrogen can be fixed by:
- Bacteria in the soil
- Bacteria on nodes found at the ends of plant roots
- Lightning
Nitrogen becomes free again:
- Used by living things
- Lost in drainage water
- Broken down by other bacteria in the soil
What is pollution?
Any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things.
What are the 3 elements that plants need to grow?
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
The 3 kinds of pesticides:
Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides
What does a herbicide do?
They kill weeds
What does a insecticide do?
They kill insects
What does a fungicide do?
They kill fungus
What is leachate?
Liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil.
What is a sanitary landfill?
Sites specially formed to prevent waste chemicals from moving into the soil.
What is sewage?
Wastewater including dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry
What is septic tank?
A big container which is underground and full of bacteria which breaks down waste and nutrients moved into the soil.
What is septic treatment plant?
They put chemicals into this water to clean it.
What is effluent?
Wastewater which is released from a factory or sewage treatment plant.
What is organic compounds?
It includes carbon.
What is inorganic compounds?
It does not include carbon.
What does pH stand for?
The power of hydrogen.
What is Neutralization?
where an acid reacts with a base.
What is Acid?
pH less than 7.
What is Base (Alkali)?
pH greater than 7.
What is the pH scale used for?
Utilized to measure how acidic a substance is.
What is Litmus Paper?
A special paper that turns red in acid and blue in base.
What is Universal Indicator?
A special paper that changes to a range of different colors depending on how acidic or basic a susbtance is.
What is the Neutralization Equation?
Hcl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) - NaCl(aq)
Acid base → water ionic salt
The products of neutralization (combining an acid with a base)
Acid + Base Arrow Water & Ionic Salt
What elements are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)
What elements are found in proteins & amino acids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What is Nucleic Acid & What elements are found in nucleic acids?
Nucleic Acids is the largest and most complicated found in living things. They are made from Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
What is micronutrient?
Micronutrient is very small or smalll scale.
What is macronutrient?
Macronutrient is large or large scale.
What are the macronutrients?
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium,, Sulfur
What is optimal amount?
The balanced amount of nutrients an organism needs for best health.
What elements are found in lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What is Diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No extra energy is needed.
What is Osmosis?
The diffusion of water. No extra energy is needed.
What is Active Transport?
The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high . Energy is needed.
What is Fertilizer?
A substance which enhances the soil so that plants will grow better.
What is a pesticide?
Chemicals utilized to kill pests.
What is a pest?
An organism that harms individuals, crops, or formations. .
What is storm sewers?
large pieces that carry runoff water from yards and streets directly (without treatment) into a river, lake, or ocean.
What is Fossil Fuels?
fuel shaped from dead plants and animals; coal, oil & natural gas.
What is optimum amount?
the amount of a substance that provides an organism with the best health.
What is the 4 necessary classes of organic compounds?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
