Topic 1 Structure of atom and Periodic Table

Question 1

1 What A is all matter made of?

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

2 Which scientist first came up with a model of what atoms are like?

Answer 2

Dalton

Question 3

3 How did Dalton describe atoms?

Answer 3

tiny indestructible spheres

Question 4

4 How did he use his model to explain elements?

Answer 4

all the atoms in an element were identical (and different from other elements)

Question 5

5 What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Answer 5

molecules contain two or more atoms chemically joined together in a group

Question 6

6 How did Dalton explain what happened when compounds were formed?

Answer 6

atoms of different elements joined together to form the compound

Question 7

7 What tiny particles flow in an electric current?

Answer 7

electrons

Question 8

8 What charge do electrons particles have?

Answer 8

negative

Question 9

9 What particles are found in an atom?

Answer 9

protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 10

10 What is the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 10

tiny central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Question 11

11 How have Daltons ideas about atoms changed?

Answer 11

atoms are not indestructible but are made up of smaller particles (protons, neutrons and electrons)

Question 12

12 What are the names of the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 12

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 13

13 What is the nucleus of a helium atom made up of?

Answer 13

protons and neutrons

Question 14

14 How are electrons arranged in an atom?

Answer 14

circling/orbiting the nucleus in regions called shells

Question 15

15 How do protons and electrons compare in terms of relative charge?

Answer 15

protons have a positive (+1) charge and electrons have a negative (-1) charge

Question 16

16 Why are most atoms neutral?

Answer 16

they have the same number of protons and electrons and so equal positive and negative charges

Question 17

17 What is the fundamental difference between atoms of different elements?

Answer 17

they contain different numbers of protons

Question 18

18 How does the size of a nucleus compare to the size of the atom?

Answer 18

the nucleus is tiny compared to the size of the atom

Question 19

19 How many protons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26?

Answer 19

26

Question 20

20 How many neutrons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56?

Answer 20

30 (56 - 26) The number of neutrons is the mass number minus the atomic number

Question 21

21 Which subatomic particles are found in the nuclei of most atoms?

Answer 21

protons and neutrons

Question 22

22 What does the atomic number of an atom tell you about its structure?

Answer 22

the number of protons in an atom

Question 23

23 What does the mass number of an atom equal?

Answer 23

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 24

24 What will be the same about atoms of the same element?

Answer 24

they will have the same atomic number and same number of protons

Question 25

25 Where is most of the mass of an atom found?

Answer 25

in the nucleus

Question 26

26 Which subatomic particles in an atom have negligible mass?

Answer 26

electrons

Question 27

27 How many electrons are in an atom with a mass number of 56 and an atomic number of 26?

Answer 27

26 (It will have 26 protons and therefore 26 electrons if it is neutral)

Question 28

28 How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an atom that has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27?

Answer 28

13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons

Question 29

29 What are isotopes?

Answer 29

atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (this is due to them having a different number of neutrons)

Question 30

30 What type of atom is used as the standard for comparing masses and working out relative atomic masses of elements?

Answer 30

carbon-12

Question 31

31 Which element has the chemical symbol O?

Answer 31

oxygen

Question 32

32 What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

Answer 32

C

Question 33

33 Which element has the chemical symbol Mg?

Answer 33

magnesium

Question 34

34 What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

Answer 34

Na

Question 35

35 Which type of substance is found in the periodic table – elements, compounds or mixtures?

Answer 35

elements (its called the Periodic Table of Elements !!)

Question 36

36 What is a vertical column in the periodic table called?

Answer 36

group

Question 37

37 What is a horizontal row in the periodic table called?

Answer 37

period

Question 38

38 What is the number on the periodic table used to compare the masses of atoms of different elements (it takes into account the different isotopes and amounts) ?

Answer 38

relative atomic masses

Question 39

39 Name the Russian chemist who developed a periodic table in 1869.

Answer 39

Mendeleev/Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 40

40 In general, what is a scientific prediction?

Answer 40

what you think will happen and why you think this

Question 41

41 In what year did Mendeleev first develop a periodic table?

Answer 41

1869

Question 42

42 About how many elements are there in the modern periodic table?

Answer 42

about 100 or 118 exactly

Question 43

43 Where are the non-metals placed in the modern periodic table?

Answer 43

right-hand side/top right

Question 44

44 Which number tells you how many protons there are in a nucleus?

Answer 44

atomic number/proton number

Question 45

45 Sodium atoms have 11 electrons. How many protons do they have?

Answer 45

11 (Because it is a neutral atom and the number of protons = the number of electrons)

Question 46

46 Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 46

around the nucleus/in shells/in energy levels

Question 47

47 What is a period in the modern periodic table?

Answer 47

a row of elements (a row is the one that goes along a column is the one that goes down!!)

Question 48

48 What is a vertical column in the modern periodic table called?

Answer 48

group

Question 49

49 Which element’s position was swapped with tellurium by Mendeleev?

Answer 49

iodine (He swapped them to ensure that they were in the correct group, with elements of similar properties)

Question 50

50 What property did Mendeleev use to order the elements?

Answer 50

atomic weight/relative atomic mass (Medeleev used mass the modern periodic table uses atomic number!!)

Question 51

51 What do modern atomic numbers tell you about an atom?

Answer 51

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 52

52 Where are elements with similar properties placed in the periodic table?

Answer 52

in the same groups/columns

Question 53

53 Where do the atomic numbers increase by 1 each time in the periodic table?

Answer 53

in a period (as you move along a period the atomic number increases by 1)

Question 54

54 Where are the shells found in an atom?

Answer 54

around the nucleus

Question 55

55 Why might a modern periodic table have gaps in it?

Answer 55

for as yet undiscovered/synthesised elements (they are all at the end of the Modern Periodic Table)

Question 56

56 Name a group 0 element.

Answer 56

helium/neon/argon/krypton/xenon/radon/ununoctium

Question 57

57 Is an atom a zero-, one-, two,- or three- dimensional object?

Answer 57

three-dimensional

Question 58

58 Name the physicist who discovered a relationship between atomic number and X-rays emitted by atoms bombarded by electrons.

Answer 58

Moseley/Henry Moseley

Question 59

59 The atomic number of chlorine is 17. How many electrons do its atoms have?

Answer 59

17 (It has 17 protons and is neutral and therefore has 17 electrons)

Question 60

60. What are the two main isotopes of chlorine?

Answer 60

Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37