Topic 1 - States Of Matter

Question 1

Describe a solid

Answer 1

• regular, lattice structure
• vibrating in position
• strong attractive forces

Question 2

Describe a liquid

Answer 2

• irregular, close together
• slip past each other
• quite weak attractive forces

Question 3

Describe a gas

Answer 3

• irregular, far apart
• move in random directions
• very weak attractive forces

Question 4

What is temperature?

Answer 4

A measure of how much energy the particles in a substance have

Question 5

Name the changes of states of matter

Answer 5

Solid -> Liquid = melting
Solid -> Gas = subliming
Liquid -> Gas = boiling 
Liquid -> Solid = freezing
Gas -> Solid = deposition
Gas -> Liquid = condensing

Question 6

define diffusion

Answer 6

The tendency of particles to spread out

Question 7

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 7

• higher temperature means faster diffusion

* greater mass means slower diffusion

Question 8

What happens to the colour of a diffusing substance?

Answer 8

It becomes paler

Question 9

Describe the ammonia diffusing practical

Answer 9

Description: one side there is wool soaked in HCl, the other side there is wool soaked in NH3. Both substances diffuse and a white smoke forms closer to the HCl because it is heavier than NH3 and therefore diffuses slower
Equation: HCl + NH3 -> NH4Cl

Question 10

Describe the potassium manganate (VII) diffusing practical

Answer 10

Potassium manganate (VII) is used because it is bright purple

If you take a beaker if water and place some potassium manganate (VII) at the bottom, the purple colour slowly spreads out to fill the beaker

This shows the random motion of particles in a liquid the causes the purple colour to eventually be evenly spread out throughout the water

This can be diluted

Question 11

Describe the bromine gas diffusion practical

Answer 11

• bromine gas is brown and strongly smelling
• fill half a glass jar with bromine gas, and the other half with air. Separate the gases with a glass plate
• when you remove the glass plate, you’ll see the brown bromine gas slowly diffusing through the air
• the random motion of the particles means that the bromine will eventually diffuse right through the air