Topic 1: Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
- Required to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment.
- Its purpose is to bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
A
STRUCTURE
- Mouth
- Nose
- Trachea —> Bronchi —> Bronchioles
- Lungs —> Bronchioles —> Aveoli
- Diaphragm
2
Q
FUNCTION
- Trachea; Allows air to move in and out of the bronchi.
- Right and Left Bronchi; Allows air to move in and out of lungs.
- Bronchioles; Allows air to move in and out of alveoli.
- Alveoli; Allows oxygen to diffuse into blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse out.
- Diaphragm; To move air into the aveoli during inhalation and move air out during exhalation.
A
PATHWAY OF OXYGEN
- The trachea is a pipe shaped by rings of cartilage.
- It divides into two tunes called principle bronchi.
- Bronchi carry air into each lung.
- In the lung, the tube divides into smaller and smaller tubes called Bronchioles.
- At the end of these tubes are smaller air sacs called alveoli.
- Capillaries which are small blood vessels with a thin wall are wrapped around these alveoli.
3
Q
INHALATION
- Breathing in.
- Diaphragm muscles contract to bring down lungs.
- Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and out.
- Tissue expands to force in air.
- Air is pulled into lungs and alveoli.
- Body get oxygen from air.
A
EXHALATION
- Breathing out.
- Rib muscles relax.
- Diaphragm muscles relax.
- Tissue returns to rest position and forces air out.
- Gets rid of carbon dioxide.
4
Q
GAS EXCHANGE
- Simple diffusion.
- During inhalation; oxygen diffuses through the capillaries and into the blood stream because the concentration gradient goes from alveoli to blood.
- During exhalation; carbon dioxide in the blood str3am diffuses through into the alveoli due to a high concentration in the blood compared to the alveoli.
A
CHARACTERISTIC OF EXCHANGE SURFACES
- Thin; reduces the distance for substances to travel increasing the efficiency.
- Moist; allows for substances to be dissolved and allow for exchange with cells.
- Large Surface Area; many small structures, increases the number of sites for exchange.
