Topic 1: Plants Cells And Structures

Question 1

A lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell.

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Question 2

Function of plasma membrane

Answer 2

1. Mediates the transport of substances into and out of the cell
2. Coordinates assemble of the cell wall
3. Receives and transmits hormonal and environmental signals

Question 3

A rigid meshwork of fibers that completely surrounds the cell.

Answer 3

Cell wall

Question 4

Function of cell wall

Answer 4

1. Primary function: structural - providing a constraint against which internal water pressure is exerted in the generation of turgor
2. Also imparts some rigidity directly to the plant body

Question 5

Usually the most conspicuous organelle in the eukaryotic cell. Sometimes called the “control center” of the cell.

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Function of the nucleus

Answer 6

Directs synthesis of proteins and contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material

Question 7

Double membrane-bound organelle that is semi-autonomous.

Site of cellular respiration.

Answer 7

Mitochondrion/a

Question 8

Non-membrane bound.

Structures that interface tRNA, mRNA, and amino acids in the process of protein synthesis.

Answer 8

Ribosome

Question 9

A series of flattened sacs that is contiguous with the nuclear membrane.
Site of lipid synthesis, and is the organelle where some proteins are packaged and subsequently shipped to the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 9

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 10

A group of flattened sacs that is not contiguous with the nuclear membrane.
Site where proteins received from ER are further modified and subsequently packaged for secretion or shipped to other places in the cell.

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Another function of Golgi apparatus in plants

Answer 11

Synthesis and secretion of components of the cell wall

Question 12

A large centrally located compartment that is bound by a single membrane called the tonoplast.

Answer 12

Large central vacuole

Question 13

Single membrane surrounding the central vacuole.

Answer 13

Tonoplast

Question 14

Function of the vacuole

Answer 14

1. Storage site for a variety of diff. substances, many of which would be toxic to the cell if stored in the cytoplasm
2. Accommodates growth of the cell by minimizing the requirement for the synthesis of new cytoplasm

Question 15

A green-colored, disk-shaped organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.

Answer 15

Chloroplast

Question 16

A complex network of protein filaments that have the capacity to expand and contract.

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

Function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 17

1. Functions in moving vesicles to particular sites in the cell
2. Cause movements in cilia and flagella
3. Produce movements that change the shape of the cell