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T3 PAIN > Topic 1 - Pain Concepts & Definitions > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Pain Concepts & Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential damage.

A

Pain

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2
Q

What does IASP stand for?

A

International Association for the Study of Pain

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3
Q

Pain is always a ________ experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological and social factors.

A

Personal

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4
Q

T/F - Pain and nociception are different phenomena.

A

True

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5
Q

T/F - Pain can be inferred solely from activity in sensory neurons.

A

False - Pain CANNOT be inferred solely from activity in sensory neurons.

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6
Q

Through their life ___________, individuals learn the concept of pain.

A

Experiences

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7
Q

A person’s report of an experience as pain should be _________.

A

Respected

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8
Q

Although pain usually serves an ________ role, it may have adverse effects on function and social/psychological well-being.

A

Adaptive

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9
Q

______ description is only one of several behaviours to express pain.

A

Verbal

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10
Q

T/F - Inability to communicate negates the possibility that a human or non-human animal experiences pain.

A

False - Inability to communicate DOES NOT NEGATE the possibility that a human or non-human animal experiences pain.

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11
Q

Access to pain __________ is a fundamental human right.

A

Management

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12
Q

International law does not consider a ___________ to be binding. It generally states aspirations or understandings specific to the context.

A

Declaration

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13
Q

Article __ of the declaration is the right of all people to have access to pain management without ______________.

A

Article 1
Discrimination

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14
Q

Article __ of the declaration is the right of people in pain to ______________ of their pain and to be informed about how it can be assessed and managed.

A

Article 2
Acknowledgment

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15
Q

Article __ of the declaration is the right of all people with pain to have access to appropriate assessment and treatment of the pain by adequately trained ______ ____ professionals.

A

Article 3
Health Care

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16
Q

The declaration recognizes the obligation of ___________ and all health care institutions, within the scope of the legal limits of their authority and taking into account the health care resources reasonably available, to establish laws, policies, and systems that will help promote, and will certainly not inhibit, the ______ of people in pain to fully adequate pain management.

A

Governments
Access

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17
Q

T/F - Failure to establish laws, policies and systems related to pain management access is unethical and a breach of the human rights of people harmed as a result.

A

True

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18
Q

The declaration recognizes the obligation of all health care _____________ in a treatment relationship with a patient, within the scope of the legal limits of their professional practice and taking into account the treatment resources reasonably available, to offer to a patient in pain the __________ that would be offered by a reasonably careful and competent health care professional in that field of practice.

A

Professionals
Management

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19
Q

T/F - Failure to offer pain management is not a breach of the patient’s human rights.

A

False - Failure to offer pain management IS a breach of the patient’s human rights.

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20
Q

Pain management is __________ in most of the world.

A

Inadequate

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21
Q

There are major ________ in knowledge of health care professionals regarding the mechanisms and management of pain.

A

Deficits

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22
Q

Chronic pain with or without diagnosis is highly ___________.

A

Stigmatized

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23
Q

Most countries have no ________ policy at all or very inadequate policies regarding the management of pain as a health problem, including an inadequate level of ________ and education.

A

National
Research

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24
Q

Marks a formal commitment by the Government of Canada to better understand and address the needs of people living with chronic pain.

A

Canadian Pain Task Force

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25
Q

Phase __ report submitted by the Task Force highlighted significant gaps in access to timely and ___________ pain care; education, training, and awareness for patients, the public, and health care professionals; research and related ______________; and chronic pain surveillance and health system quality monitoring.

A

Phase I
Appropriate
Infrastructure

26
Q

Phase __ report involved the Task Force conducting national consultations with over 2000 ____________ and reviewing evidence to identify best and leading practices, areas of action, and elements of an improved approach to better understand, prevent, and mange _______ pain in Canada.

A

Phase II
Stakeholders
Chronic

27
Q

T/F - The results of the Phase II report were summarized in Working Together to Better Understand, Prevent and Manage Chronic Pain: What We Heard.

A

True

28
Q

Phase ___ report from the CPTF provides an ______ plan consisting of recommendations across 6 goals:
1) Enable coordination, collaboration, and leadership across Canada
2) Improve access to timely, equitable, and person-centred pain care
3) Increase awareness, education, and specialized training for pain
4) Support pain research and strength related infrastructure
5) Monitor population health and health system quality
6) Ensure equitable approaches for populations disproportionately impacted by pain

A

Phase III
Action Plan

29
Q

T/F - One in three Canadians lives with chronic pain.

A

False - One in FIVE Canadians lives with chronic pain.

30
Q

When pain ________, it can affect all aspects of one’s life, including:
- Work
- School
- Play
- Caregiving
- Community participation

A

Persists

31
Q

Living with _________ pain can lead to:
- Sleeplessness
- Hopelessness
- Depression & anxiety
- Diminished quality of life
- Isolation

A

Unmanaged

32
Q

For some Canadians, unmanaged pain has led to poverty, homelessness, and even _______.

A

Suicide

33
Q

The burden of chronic pain is not shared _______ among Canadians, as it is more common among:
- Older adults
- Females
- __________ peoples
- Veterans
- Populations affected by social inequities and discrimination

A

Equally
Indigenous Peoples

34
Q

______ determinants can lead to a complex interplay between chronic pain, mental illness, and _________ use disorders. Combined with the stigma that accompanies these health issues, this places many at high risk for unmanaged pain.

A

Social
Substance

35
Q

Anxiety and fear around _______ have also led to unmanaged pain.

A

Opioids

36
Q

Some Canadians have been unable to ______ opioid medications when needed for pain and function.

A

Access

37
Q

T/F - There are no barriers for Canadians related to obtaining or filling their opioid prescriptions.

A

False - There ARE UNDUE barriers for Canadians related to obtaining or filling their opioid prescriptions.

38
Q

T/F - Some Canadians have had their opioid dose abruptly lowered or discontinued.

A

True

39
Q

The ______ crisis has resulted in unnecessary pain and suffering, and has led some Canadians to obtain _______ drugs to treat their pain.

A

Opioid
Illegal

40
Q

T/F - We are doing enough to strike the right balance between promoting opioid prescribing practices that manage the benefits and risks of these medications based on the individual needs of each patient.

A

False - We MUST DO MORE to strike the right balance between promoting opioid prescribing practices that manage the benefits and risks of these medications based on the individual needs of each patient.

41
Q

Drugs with pain relieving properties that are used primarily to treat pain, but can also induce euphoria, which gives them the potential to be used improperly.

A

Opioids

42
Q

T/F - Opioids can be prescribed medications, but can also be produced or obtained illegally.

A

True

43
Q

The long-term effects of using _______ may include:
- Increased tolerance
- Substance use disorder or dependence
- Liver damage
- Infertility in women
- Worsening pain
- Life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in babies born to mothers taking _______

A

Opioids

44
Q

Even when prescribed to treat a specific condition or pain, there are serious side effects and risks of using opioids, including physical __________, substance use disorder, and even ________.

A

Dependence
Overdose

45
Q

T/F - The vast majority of confirmed opioid-related deaths in Ontario continue to be accidental in nature.

A

True

46
Q

The consequences of pain extend beyond ___________, affecting families, communities and society as a whole.

A

Individuals

47
Q

Chronic pain is ______ for Canadians, including direct and indirect costs, along with the inability of people in pain to afford the treatments that can improve quality of life and ability to participate fully in society.

A

Costly

48
Q

Pain is still a stigmatized and still ___________ condition.

A

Invalidated

49
Q

T/F - Health care professionals have the knowledge and skills to treat pain.

A

False - Health care professionals STILL LACK the knowledge and skills to treat pain.

50
Q

Chronic pain has a tremendous impact on the _______.

A

Economy

51
Q

Direct costs for chronic pain in 2019 were between $15.1 and $17.2 billion, representing over ___% of total combined health expenditures for these costs.

A

10%

52
Q

Preliminary analysis by Health Canada estimates the total number of individuals living with chronic pain will ________ by 17.5% from 2019 to 2030 due to population growth and _____.

A

Increase
Aging

53
Q

___________ pain services are largely not accessible and research findings are not always being used to improve care.

A

Specialized

54
Q

T/F - Improvement efforts of pain services are fragmented and hampered by lack of coordination and funding.

A

True

55
Q

Pain and its impacts are ___________ by the COVID-19 pandemic.

A

Exacerbated

56
Q

For many people with pre-existing chronic pain, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to stress, social _________, exacerbation of concurrent ______ health conditions, reduced opportunities to maintain physical functioning, and increased pain and disability.

A

Social Isolation
Mental Health

57
Q

T/F - The pandemic-related disruptions in health care and services have reduced access to supports and therapies that people living with pain rely on to maintain quality of life.

A

True

58
Q

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, and the effects of public health measures are felt over the longer term, people who live with pain are increasingly __________ to harm.

A

Vulnerable

59
Q

The application of the scientific process to questions concerning pain, including treatment, mechanisms and impact.

A

Pain Science (aka. The Science of Pain)

60
Q

A systematic and organized set of steps that require some type of measurement to analyze results related to theories of what we know about the world.

A

Scientific Method (aka. Scientific Process)

61
Q

What are the 2 major ways of obtaining data related to the scientific method?

A

1) Measurement
2) Observation

62
Q

Data is generally gained through ____________ and ___________ methods.

A

Quantitative
Qualitative

T3 PAIN (5 decks)

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