Topic 1- Mixtures:

Question 1

What is a mixture?

Answer 1

A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds (or both) not chemically combined together. Meaning the chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged, unlike compounds)

Question 2

What 5 ways are mixtures separated?

Answer 2

Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography

These are physical processes, so do not involve chemical reactions and no new substances are made.

Question 3

What is filtration?

Answer 3

Filtration is used to separate an
insoluble solid from a pure liquid or a solution.

Question 4

What is crystallisation?

Answer 4

Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some of the
solvent evaporates leaving behind a more concentrated solution.

Question 5

What is simple distillation?

Answer 5

Simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution. It is useful for producing water from salt solution.

Question 6

What is chromatography?

Answer 6

Paper chromatography
is used to separate mixtures of
soluble substances. These are often coloured substances such as food colourings, inks, dyes or plant pigments.

Question 7

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 7

Fractional distillation is used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids. It is useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and for
separating different fractions from
crude oil.