Topic 1- Living Organisms Flashcards
MRS NERG
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Nutrition Excretion Reproduction Growth
Movement
The way in which organisms change their position in order to:
find 🍖(food)
Escape 🦍 (predators)
Find a 💑 (mate)
Respiration
The process by which living cells release 🏃♀️ (energy) from 🍖
Not to be 🤷♀️ w/ breathing
Sensitivity
Ability to detect changes in 🏞 (surroundings) and respond to them
Nutrition
Org. need 🍖 for resp. Growth. Repair.🤰
Excretion
=💩
Removal of waste products from 👯♀️
e.g.
carbon.d
Urine
Reproduction
Way in which new individuals are produced from 👫
Growth
Increase in size ⬆️
Involves production+ ⬆️- new cells
Requirements for being classified as MRSNERG
All org. Must abide with rules of MRSNERG
What is an animal cell made up of?
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
What is a plant cell made up of?
Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast Nucl. Cyto. Cell mem.
Function of cytoplasm
Where all the reactions happen. Keeps the shape.
Function of nucleus
Contains DNA
Function of cell membrane
Keeps cell together + controls what goes in and out
Function of cell wall
Keeps the structure because there is no skeleton in the plant.
Function of vacuole
Contains water
Function of chloroplast
Photosynthesis (turning carbon diox. ➡️ glucose & 💦 occurs in the chloroplasts. Makes plant💚
How many organ systems are there in the body?
There are 10. (This however does not include the immune system as it is not an organ.)
Name the 10 organ systems.
Sensory system Nervous system Respiratory system Digestive system Circulatory System Excretory System Skeletal system Muscle system Endocrine System Reproductive system
Function of sensory syst. And include its organs
- eye
- ear
- provides info about surrounding
S
Function and organs of nervous syst.
- brain
- spinal cord
- nerves
- controls actions of body
- coordinates many activities without thinking (e.g. breathing + heart rate)
Functions and organs of respiratory syst.
- located in chest formed by : - windpipe - lungs - ribs - rib muscles (intercostal muscles) - diaphragm - concerned with breathing and exchange of gases
Functions and organs of digestive syst.
- long tube through body: Food is broken down + absorbed into blood Important organs: - stomach - small intestine
Functions and organs of circulatory syst.
- transports materials around body in blood
- blood ⏪⬆️⏩⬇️⬅️ by pumping action of 💓 along tubes (blood vessels)
Function and organs of excretion syst.
- cleans waste from blood
- uses filtration process in kidneys: produces urine liquid ➡️stored in bladder
Function and organs of skeletal syst.
- made of 206 bones
- provide support for body
- some form protective structure (e.g. 💀 protects 🧠)
Function and organs of muscle syst.
- provides mechanism for movement
- can contract (become shorter) to exert pulling force on bone
Function and organs of endocrine syst.
- made up of glands
- release chemical messengers called hormones ➡️ 💉
- adrenal glands➡️ adrenaline when stressed
➡️makes heart beat faster and directs more blood to muscles - insulin hormone controls level of sugar in 💉
Functions of reproductive syst.
- male= sperm cells
- females= egg cells
➡️ provides place for baby to develop (in womb/uterus) - reproductive syst. Part of endocrine syst. As they produce male/female sex hormones.
Name the 11 organs
Brain Eye Ears Heart Lungs Liver Stomach Kidneys Pancreas Large intestine Small intestine
What system is the liver in?
Digestive
Liver function
- Produces bile, a liquid, which increases absorption
- detoxifies chemicals in body
How is the liver specialised?
- Dense cytoplasm
- Contains toxin which breaks down fats
- They have lots of cells because they break down fat
Fact about liver
- second biggest organ after skin
- can regrow itself
- Takes up 10% of body
- Body needs 1 gram of liver
Which organ is the heart in?
Circulatory System
Function of heart
- pumps blood through circulatory System
How is the heart specialised?
- muscles contract to control the heart rate at a steady tempo
Heart facts
- The left side of the heart contains oxygenated rich blood
- the right side of the heart pumps blue deoxygenated blood returning from the body back to the lungs
Lungs in which System
Respiratory system
Function of lungs
Take oxygen from air and help get rid of carbon dioxide
How are lungs specialised?
- two lungs
- has a bronchus and contains smaller bronchioles, the end is surrounded by pulmonary vein so blood can get to air from alveolus (air sac)
Lung fact
- right lung larger than left lung because the left shares space with the heart
Which system is Large intestine in?
Digestive + Excretory
Function of large intestine
Absorb water from indigestible food
How is the large intestine specialised?
- large surface area
- muscular sides, which can adapt their shape to shape to the size of waste
- long (has more time to absorb all the water)
Large intestine fact
- 5 feet long
- can act against gravity
Which system is the Brain in?
Nervous system
Brain function
Controls thoughts, memories, movement and many organs within our body
Which system is the Stomach in?
Digestive system
Function of the stomach
- Place of storage so all food can provide nutrients for the body
How is the stomach specialised?
- Contains a ph 1.1
- can dissolve metal and bone
- can shrink and expand depending on the food
Stomach fact
- you do not need your stomach to live
Which system is the Small intestine part of?
Part of the digestive system
Function on of small intestine
- Receives mushy food from stomach and extracts nutrients out of it
- Then passes into blood and the rest of the waste goes to the large intestine to become 💩
How is the small intestine specialised?
- roughly 20 feet long which allows more area for nutrients to be absorbed
- contains hairs called microvilli which increase surface area for absorption of more nutrients
How many bones are on the skeleton?
206
What are the four main functions of the skeleton?
Movement
Support
Protection
Blood Cell Production
Why do we need a spine (vertebrae) ?
- to keep us upright
- to protect the spinal cord
What protects the brain?
The skull (cranium)
What protects the heart and lungs?
Rib cage
How do the bones in the skull (cranium) differ to bones in the legs?
- some bones (such as in the skull), are joined rigidly together and cannot move against each other
- others (like bones in the legs) are joined by flexible joints but muscles are needed to move bones attached to joints
What are the two types of blood cells?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
What is the function of red blood cells?
- carry oxygen
What is the function of white blood cells
- involved in destroying harmful microorganisms in the body
Where are blood cells made?
In bone marrow (the soft tissue inside our larger bones)
The bone marrow is protected by the hard part of the bone surrounding it
