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Year 8 Biology > Topic 1- Living Organisms > Flashcards

Topic 1- Living Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

MRS NERG

A 
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity 
Nutrition 
Excretion
Reproduction 
Growth
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2
Q

Movement

A

The way in which organisms change their position in order to:
find 🍖(food)
Escape 🦍 (predators)
Find a 💑 (mate)

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3
Q

Respiration

A

The process by which living cells release 🏃‍♀️ (energy) from 🍖
Not to be 🤷‍♀️ w/ breathing

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4
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect changes in 🏞 (surroundings) and respond to them

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5
Q

Nutrition

A

Org. need 🍖 for resp. Growth. Repair.🤰

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6
Q

Excretion

A

=💩

Removal of waste products from 👯‍♀️
e.g.
carbon.d
Urine

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7
Q

Reproduction

A

Way in which new individuals are produced from 👫

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8
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size ⬆️

Involves production+ ⬆️- new cells

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9
Q

Requirements for being classified as MRSNERG

A

All org. Must abide with rules of MRSNERG

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10
Q

What is an animal cell made up of?

A

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane

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11
Q

What is a plant cell made up of?

A 
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Nucl.
Cyto.
Cell mem.
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12
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Where all the reactions happen. Keeps the shape.

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13
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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14
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Keeps cell together + controls what goes in and out

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15
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Keeps the structure because there is no skeleton in the plant.

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16
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Contains water

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17
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

Photosynthesis (turning carbon diox. ➡️ glucose & 💦 occurs in the chloroplasts. Makes plant💚

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18
Q

How many organ systems are there in the body?

A

There are 10. (This however does not include the immune system as it is not an organ.)

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19
Q

Name the 10 organ systems.

A 
Sensory system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Endocrine System
Reproductive system
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20
Q

Function of sensory syst. And include its organs

A
  • eye
  • ear
  • provides info about surrounding
    S
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21
Q

Function and organs of nervous syst.

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • controls actions of body
  • coordinates many activities without thinking (e.g. breathing + heart rate)
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22
Q

Functions and organs of respiratory syst.

A 
- located in chest
formed by :
- windpipe
- lungs
- ribs
- rib muscles (intercostal muscles)
- diaphragm 
- concerned with breathing and exchange of gases
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23
Q

Functions and organs of digestive syst.

A 
- long tube through body: 
Food is broken down + absorbed into blood 
Important organs:
- stomach
- small intestine
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24
Q

Functions and organs of circulatory syst.

A
  • transports materials around body in blood

- blood ⏪⬆️⏩⬇️⬅️ by pumping action of 💓 along tubes (blood vessels)

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25
Q

Function and organs of excretion syst.

A
  • cleans waste from blood

- uses filtration process in kidneys: produces urine liquid ➡️stored in bladder

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26
Q

Function and organs of skeletal syst.

A
  • made of 206 bones
  • provide support for body
  • some form protective structure (e.g. 💀 protects 🧠)
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27
Q

Function and organs of muscle syst.

A
  • provides mechanism for movement

- can contract (become shorter) to exert pulling force on bone

28
Q

Function and organs of endocrine syst.

A
  • made up of glands
  • release chemical messengers called hormones ➡️ 💉
  • adrenal glands➡️ adrenaline when stressed
    ➡️makes heart beat faster and directs more blood to muscles
  • insulin hormone controls level of sugar in 💉
29
Q

Functions of reproductive syst.

A
  • male= sperm cells
  • females= egg cells
    ➡️ provides place for baby to develop (in womb/uterus)
  • reproductive syst. Part of endocrine syst. As they produce male/female sex hormones.
30
Q

Name the 11 organs

A 
Brain
Eye
Ears
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Stomach
Kidneys
Pancreas
Large intestine
Small intestine
31
Q

What system is the liver in?

A

Digestive

32
Q

Liver function

A
  • Produces bile, a liquid, which increases absorption

- detoxifies chemicals in body

33
Q

How is the liver specialised?

A
  • Dense cytoplasm
  • Contains toxin which breaks down fats
  • They have lots of cells because they break down fat
34
Q

Fact about liver

A
  • second biggest organ after skin
  • can regrow itself
  • Takes up 10% of body
  • Body needs 1 gram of liver
35
Q

Which organ is the heart in?

A

Circulatory System

36
Q

Function of heart

A
  • pumps blood through circulatory System
37
Q

How is the heart specialised?

A
  • muscles contract to control the heart rate at a steady tempo
38
Q

Heart facts

A
  • The left side of the heart contains oxygenated rich blood

- the right side of the heart pumps blue deoxygenated blood returning from the body back to the lungs

39
Q

Lungs in which System

A

Respiratory system

40
Q

Function of lungs

A

Take oxygen from air and help get rid of carbon dioxide

41
Q

How are lungs specialised?

A
  • two lungs
  • has a bronchus and contains smaller bronchioles, the end is surrounded by pulmonary vein so blood can get to air from alveolus (air sac)
42
Q

Lung fact

A
  • right lung larger than left lung because the left shares space with the heart
43
Q

Which system is Large intestine in?

A

Digestive + Excretory

44
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Absorb water from indigestible food

45
Q

How is the large intestine specialised?

A
  • large surface area
  • muscular sides, which can adapt their shape to shape to the size of waste
  • long (has more time to absorb all the water)
46
Q

Large intestine fact

A
  • 5 feet long

- can act against gravity

47
Q

Which system is the Brain in?

A

Nervous system

48
Q

Brain function

A

Controls thoughts, memories, movement and many organs within our body

49
Q

Which system is the Stomach in?

A

Digestive system

50
Q

Function of the stomach

A
  • Place of storage so all food can provide nutrients for the body
51
Q

How is the stomach specialised?

A
  • Contains a ph 1.1
  • can dissolve metal and bone
  • can shrink and expand depending on the food
52
Q

Stomach fact

A
  • you do not need your stomach to live
53
Q

Which system is the Small intestine part of?

A

Part of the digestive system

54
Q

Function on of small intestine

A
  • Receives mushy food from stomach and extracts nutrients out of it
  • Then passes into blood and the rest of the waste goes to the large intestine to become 💩
55
Q

How is the small intestine specialised?

A
  • roughly 20 feet long which allows more area for nutrients to be absorbed
  • contains hairs called microvilli which increase surface area for absorption of more nutrients
56
Q

How many bones are on the skeleton?

A

206

57
Q

What are the four main functions of the skeleton?

A

Movement
Support
Protection
Blood Cell Production

58
Q

Why do we need a spine (vertebrae) ?

A
  • to keep us upright

- to protect the spinal cord

59
Q

What protects the brain?

A

The skull (cranium)

60
Q

What protects the heart and lungs?

A

Rib cage

61
Q

How do the bones in the skull (cranium) differ to bones in the legs?

A
  • some bones (such as in the skull), are joined rigidly together and cannot move against each other
  • others (like bones in the legs) are joined by flexible joints but muscles are needed to move bones attached to joints
62
Q

What are the two types of blood cells?

A

Red blood cells

White blood cells

63
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A
  • carry oxygen
64
Q

What is the function of white blood cells

A
  • involved in destroying harmful microorganisms in the body
65
Q

Where are blood cells made?

A

In bone marrow (the soft tissue inside our larger bones)

The bone marrow is protected by the hard part of the bone surrounding it

Year 8 Biology (8 decks)

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