Topic 1 - Let's React

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

All of the materials around us made up of tiny building blocks

Question 2

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 2

proton and neutrons inside of nucleus
electrons on shells outside

Question 3

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 3

positive

Question 4

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 4

no charge

Question 5

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

Explain what is meant by a neutral atom

Answer 6

there are equal amount of protons and electrons

Question 7

How do you find the amount of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 7

mass number - protons = neutrons

Question 8

What is the electron shell arrangement?

Answer 8

2,8,8,2

Question 9

What does heating an element do?

Answer 9

• electron to absorb energy and jump to a higher energy level or shell
• electron is excited and unstable and quickly returns to a lower energy level releasing a fixed amount of energy

Question 10

How is coloured light released?

Answer 10

when the electron returns to the lower energy level and releases a fixed amount of energy or photon.

Question 11

What colour does lithium produce?

Answer 11

red

Question 12

What colour does sodium produce?

Answer 12

yellow

Question 13

What colour does copper produce?

Answer 13

blue

Question 14

What colour does barium produce?

Answer 14

green

Question 15

Why are valence shell electrons important?

Answer 15

It determines how an atom behaves when it
meets another atom.
(reactivity of it)

Question 16

Relate the number of valence electrons to the group number on the periodic table

Answer 16

The number of electrons in the valence shell is the number group the element is in.
eg. chlorine (17) is in group 17.

Question 17

What is an ion?

Answer 17

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 18

What is a cation?

Answer 18

positive ion that loses electrons to have a full outer shell

Question 19

What is a anion?

Answer 19

negative ion that gains electrons to have a full outer shell

Question 20

Which type of element forms cations?

Answer 20

metals

Question 21

Which type of element forms anions?

Answer 21

non metals

Question 22

Why do atoms form ions?

Answer 22

to become stable and have full outer shells

Question 23

Explain how bonds form between ions

Answer 23

Ionic bonds form between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms.

Question 24

state the Law of Conservation of mass in chemical reactions

Answer 24

mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction, so the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products

Question 25

List the experimental observations indicating that a chemical reaction has occurred

Answer 25

bubbles change in colour odour

Question 26

What are the reactants of a chemical reaction?

Answer 26

the starting materials in a reaction that undergo a chemical change to form a product

Question 27

What are the products of a chemical reaction?

Answer 27

the atoms and molecules produced by the reaction

Question 28

Describe the difference between a physical and a chemical change.

Answer 28

Physical changes are those in which the shape, size, or state of the matter changes, but the substance is still essentially the same, whereas chemical changes are those where one or more substances are combined to produce a new substance

Question 29

List experimental observations that indicate a chemical change

Answer 29

colour change temperature change

Question 30

What is the rate of a chemical reaction?

Answer 30

the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs

Question 31

What are the factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Answer 31

- increased temperature - increased concentration - increased surface area - catalyst

Question 32

How does an increased temperature increase the rate of chemical reaction?

Answer 32

When you heat an object, is causes vibrations, making particles moving quicker, meaning there are more collisions occuring, therefore a quicker reaction rate.

Question 33

How does an increased concentration increase the rate of chemical reaction?

Answer 33

With a higher concentration, there are more particles in the space meaning they are more likely to collide with each other and react quicker.

Question 34

How does an increased surface area increase the rate of chemical reaction?

Answer 34

This means a solid is split into serveral pieces with an increased surface area for the reactant particles to collide with. small pieces = large surface area = more collisions

Question 35

How does a catalyst increase the rate of chemical reaction? eg

Answer 35

catalysts provide a surface for the reaction to take place on increasing the frequency of collisions. eg. nickel