Topic 1 Lesson 1

Question 1

Who are the major contributors to atomic theory?

Answer 1

John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, James Chadwick, Democritus

Question 2

What did John Dalton discover/model?

Answer 2

He proposed that atoms can’t be divided, same element = same mass, element can’t change, compounds for when more than one element combine. (Came up with Atomic Theory) Ball like structure

Question 3

What did J.J Thomson discover/model?

Answer 3

He discovered that atoms contain negatively charged particles called ELECTRONS, he also reasoned that atoms have positively charged particles because scientists knew atoms had no overall charge. “Plum Pudding Model”

Question 4

What did Ernest Rutherford discover/model?

Answer 4

Rutherford discovered that like charges repel each other, NUCLEUS deflects + particles, most of an atom is empty space so particles pass straight through, the nucleus is small but dense, has a positive charge (PROTONS) and particles that hit it bounce straight back. Gold foil model.

Question 5

What did Niels Bohr discover/model?

Answer 5

Electrons orbit in ENERGY LEVELS , electrons must gain energy to move to a higher energy level, and they must lose energy (seen as a photon of light) to move to a lower level. (Orbit model)

Question 6

What did Democritus discover?

Answer 6

He didn’t have any evidence, however he came up with the idea of an atom.

Question 7

Cloud model?

Answer 7

Electrons orbit is “general area” around an atom.

Question 8

Modern atomic theory (Chadwick)

Answer 8

A neutral particle (NEUTRON) was discovered using the atoms mass, it has the same mass as a proton.

Question 9

What makes up an atom?

Answer 9

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 10

Charge, mass, location of a PROTON

Answer 10

Charge=+, Mass=1amu, Location=NUCLEUS

Question 11

Charge, mass, location of a NEUTRON

Answer 11

Charge=neutral, mass=1amu, location=nucleus

Question 12

Charge, mass, location of a ELECTRON

Answer 12

Charge=(-), mass=~1/1840amu, location= outside nucleus in energy levels

Question 13

How are these particles used to define each isotope of an element by mass #, atomic #, and charge

Answer 13

The number of protons in an element signifies what element it is. An element can have many different isotopes (stable or radioactive) which are found by adding the neutrons and protons. The charge is seen by seeing the difference between the electrons and protons.

Question 14

TIME TO DO THE PHET GAME!

Answer 14

🥰

Question 15

How are the elements arranged? (present and past)

Answer 15

Currently, elements are arranged by their atomic number, but in the past elements were arranged by their mass

Question 16

What are the families on the periodic table?

Answer 16

Alkali Metal, Alkaline Earth Metal, Transition Metal (including Lanthanides and Actinides), Other Metals, Metalloids (semiconductors), Other Nonmental, Halogens, Noble Gases, Liquid, Hydrogen.

Question 17

How do energy levels relate to the period?

Answer 17

They relate because elements in period one have electrons in the first level, period two has electrons in the second level, and so on until the 7th.

Question 18

How do valence electrons relate to it’s group?

Answer 18

All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons

Question 19

T/F:
Drug abuse includes using a prescription drug to escape reality, ease stress, or produce pleasure?

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Drug addiction (or substance use disorder) includes the continuing, compulsive use of drugs in spite of negative health, legal or social consequences. What are real examples of potential consequences?

Answer 20

1. Grades dropping
2. Headaches when experiencing withdrawal
3. Harming someone else while under influence (driving)
4. Losing scholarship
5. Popcorn lung
6. developing psychosis and schizophrenia
7. Getting in fights w/ fam and friends

Question 21

What is true about how drugs affect the brain?

Answer 21

1. Cause more dopamine than natural experience
2. Enter a neuron and release more electrical signals
3. Drugs attach to receptors on axon terminal endings, causing more dopamine to release

Question 22

Adolescents can drink more than adults can before becoming sleepy. Which of the following are true?

Answer 22

Adolescents could drink more than adults causing risky outcomes

Question 23

Dopamine acts on what part of the brain?

Answer 23

Reward center

Question 24

What is Myelination, synaptic pruning, frontal lobe?

Answer 24

Mylination: Growing and forming a fatty coating on neuron axons.
Synaptic Pruning: Removing unnecessary axon endings and strengthening used endings.
Frontal Lobe: Futher growth and development of this part of the brain helps with impuse control and organization.

Question 25

The hippocampus, involved with memory, was shown to be smaller in adolescents using __________.

Answer 25

alchohol

Question 26

Which of the following were shared as potential consequences for the adolescent brain when using drugs?

Answer 26

1. unusual quality to their myelin
2. a smaller hippocampus
3. their reward center is wired to want the drug
4. more addicted as an adolescent, than an adult
5. more likely for an adult to addicted if drug use was started as an adolescent

Question 27

The atomic number of lithium is 3. How many neutrons does an atom of lithium have if it is represented by the symbol shown below? ^{7}Li

Answer 27

4

Question 28

The atomic number of fluorine is 9. How many electrons does an ion of fluorine have if it is represented by the symbol shown below? 19F1-

Answer 28

10

Question 29

An ion of iron has an 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 23 electrons. What are its atomic number, atomic mass, and net charge?

Answer 29

A#=26, AMU=56, Charge=+3

Question 30

A lithium atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons and 3 electrons. What would be formed if one proton is added to this atom?

Answer 30

A beryllium ion