Exam Flashcards
get over a 90%
Do the PHET atom game
YOU BETTER
Drug addiction (or substance use disorder) includes the continuing, compulsive use of drugs in spite of negative health, legal or social consequences. Which of the following are real examples of potential consequences?
-grades dropping
-having headaches when experiencing withdrawal
-harming someone else or yourself while driving under the influence of drugs
-losing a scholarship due to getting caught with drugs
-getting “popcorn lung” from vaping, and having -difficulty breathing
-developing psychosis and schizophrenia due to adolescent use of marijuana
-getting in fights with your parents
What is true about how drugs affect the brain?
- Drugs cause MORE dopamine to be released than any natural experience can.
- Drugs can enter a neuron, causing more electrical signals, releasing extra dopamine.
- Drugs can attach to receptors on the axon terminal endings, causing more dopamine to be released.
Drugs are considered to be so rewarding because _____ dopamine is released than would by from any natural experience could stimulate.
MORE
Dopamine acts on which part of the brain?
Reward Center
PET scans showing brain activity shows that an addicts brain _______ compared to a normal, healthy brain.
is less active
Brain activity in an addicts brain can recover when they abstain from using drugs. Which of the following accurately reflects what you learned about how long it takes an addicts brain to recover?
Recovery occurs a long time, and peoples brains partially improve after months.
A technique called microarray analysis was used to observe changes that occur when a person goes through withdrawal, after abstaining from drug use. What was learned from this test?
Gene activity changed, where some genes became more active, and others became less active.
How long do these changes to an addicts brain last?
It is unknown if the changes are permanent, or if a brain can fully recover.
Because of these changes to the brain, scientists and doctors classify addiction as a ________.
disease
Adolescents can drink more than adults can before becoming sleepy. Which of the following are true?
- Adolescents have a higher tolerance to alcohol than adults, and can drink more.
- Adolescents could drink more than adults, leading to risky outcomes (becoming sick, making poor decisions, hurting themselves)
what process is: Growing and forming a fatty coating on neuron axons
Mylination
what process is: Removing unnecessary axon endings and strengthening used endings
Synaptic Pruning
what process is: Further growth and development of this part of the brain helps with impulse control and organization
Frontal Lobe
The hippocampus, involved with memory, was shown to be smaller in adolescents using __________.
alchohol
Which of the following were shared as potential consequences for the adolescent brain when using drugs?
-unusual quality to their myelin
-a smaller hippocampus
-their reward center is wired to want the drug
-more addicted as an adolescent, than an adult
-more likely for an adult to addicted if drug use was started as an adolescent
What are possible things we know about treatment?
-People learn “harm reduction” techniques like how to manage their emotions
-People can get medical support, recieving medications to help aid with withdrawal symptoms
-Some addictions can have fatal withdrawal symptoms and medical supervision can reduce the risk (alcohol and benzodiazepines)
-Addiction is a chronic disease, and about a third of people recover, a third of people improve, and a third of people need more support to get over their addiction.
What did each scientist find
Dalton
Thompson
Rutherford
Bohr
Chadwick
Dalton: Atom
Thompson: Electron
Rutherford: Nucleus
Bohr: E- Energy Levels
Chadwick: Neutron
what is something Dalton claimed?
Atoms cannot be divided
what is something Thomson claimed?
Atoms have negatively charged particles throughout it
what is something Rutherford claimed?
Atoms have positively charged particles concentrated in the center
Which scientist used a “gold foil” experiment to discover the nucleus?
Rutherford
True or False: An atom is neutral?
TRUE
Mass of:
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton: 1 amu
Neutron: 1 amu
Electron: 1/1840 amu
The mass number of an atom of carbon, that has 6 protons and 7 neutrons, and 8 electrons is __________.
13 amu
The periodic table has been arranged by different properties over its history. How is the modern periodic table arranged compared to Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Modern: Atomic number
Original: Atomic mass
Find Oxygen-16 (Atomic #8, 0)
Period?
Group?
Number of energy levels?
Number of valence electrons?
2
16
2
6
Do the PHET atom game
Do the PHET atom game
