Topic 1 - Key Concepts Flashcards
Two differences between an animal cell and a plant cell
An animal cell doesn’t have:
- chloroplasts
- cell wall
Name four things that an animal cell and a plant cell have in common
They both have:
- cell membranes
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- cytoplasm
What are three extra things that a plant cell has, that an animal cell doesn’t have?
A plant cell has:
- a vacuole
- chloroplasts
- a rigid cell wall
What is a bacterial cell made up of?
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- ribosomes
- flagella
- DNA
What’s the difference between eukaryotes (animal and plant cells) and prokaryotes (bacterial cells)?
Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus whereas prokaryotes don’t
What is the role of the nucleus?
The nucleus controls what the cell does
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is where all the chemical reactions take place
What is the role of the mitochondria?
The mitochondria turns glucose and oxygen into energy
What is the role of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls why goes in and out
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts contain green chlorophyll for photosynthesis
What is the role of the cell wall?
The cell wall gives support to the cell
What is the role of the vacuole?
The vacuole contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts
What is the role of ribosomes?
Ribosomes build proteins
What is the role of the flagella?
The flagella give bacteria ability to move about activity
What does the DNA hold?
Genes
How do you calculate the magnification?
Magnification = measured size /
actual size
Magnification conversions
Millimeter - 10 to the -3
Micrometer - 10 to the -6
Nanometer - 10 to the -9
Picometer - 10 to the -12
What are enzymes?
They are a particular group of proteins that speed up a chemical reaction in the body. Known as a biological catalyst.
Some enzymes are used to break down larger substances into smaller ones e.g…
Digestion
Other enzymes are used to help smaller chemicals join together to make larger ones e.g…
Synthesis
What are the molecules that enzymes work on called?
Substrate molecules
When do enzymes work best?
At optimum temperature
At optimum pH
What is the active site?
The active site is the part of an enzyme that has a specific shape so that only the right substrate can fit into it
What changes the shape of an active site and how?
Changing temperature
Changing pH
They both break the bonds within the enzyme so that the active site changes shape and the enzyme is denatured.
Name 3 enzymes and where they are found
Protease - found in stomach, small intestines and pancreas
Lipase - found in pancreas and small intestines
Amylase - small intestines, pancreas and salivary glands
What do protease, lipase and amylase do?
Protease turns proteins into amino acids
Lipase turns lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Amylase turns starch into sugars
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is when something travels along the concentration gradient, from a high concentration to a low concentration
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is when water diffuses from a concentrated area to a less concentrated area through a partially permeable membrane
What is active transport?
Active transport is when substances move against the concentration gradient
