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BIOL 1020 > Topic 1: Intro to Biology > Flashcards

Topic 1: Intro to Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is science?

A
  • Science is knowledge
  • Science is inquiry
  • Science is reasoning
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2
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Logic based on several observations

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3
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Logic used to make hypotheses and test predictions

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4
Q

What is Biology?

A

Study of living systems

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5
Q

Describe the basic porperties of living organisms

A
  1. Life is ordered
  2. Life processes energy
  3. Life undergoes growth
    and development
  4. Life responds to the
    environment
  5. Life regulates itself
  6. Life reproduces
  7. Life adapts to the environment by evolutionary adaptation
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6
Q

Life is ordered

A

*** The complex structures of live
are arranged in highly ordered
structures
* Energy must be put into each
system to maintain order
* Non-living things can be also
ordered… just not as highly
ordered as living systems!
**

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7
Q

Life processes energy

A
  • Movement
  • Reproduction
  • Maintenance of order
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8
Q

Life undergoes growth
and development

A

DNA encodes inherited
information to trigger
developmental pathways

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9
Q

Life responds to the
environment

A
  • Constant monitoring of the
    environment!
  • Food, prey avoidance,
    regulation of internal
    conditions (temperature, etc.)
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10
Q

Life regulates itself

A
  • Often in response to the
    environment
  • ‘homeostasis’ is the maintenance
    of a (more-or-less) constant
    internal environment through
    regulation
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11
Q

Life reproduces

A
  • All organisms reproduce to
    make more of their own kind
  • Sexual reproduction vs.
    non-sexual reproduction
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12
Q

Life adapts to the environment by evolutionary adaptation

A

Populations of a species will, over time, adapt to
their environment by evolution
* Not directed!

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13
Q

Arrange the levels of biological organization

A

Biosphere
ecosystems
communities
populations
organisms
organs/organ systems
tissues
cells
organelles
molecules

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14
Q

Biosphere

A

all environments inhabited by life

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15
Q

Ecosystems

A

all the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic)
components of an area

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16
Q

Communities

A

all organisms in an ecosystem

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17
Q

Populations

A

all individuals of a species

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18
Q

Organisms

A

individual living things

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19
Q

Organs/Organ Systems

A

carry out particular functions in the
organism

20
Q

Tissues

A

groups of similar cells -> make up organs

21
Q

Cells

A

FUNDAMENTAL unit of life -> make up tissues
Performs all required activities

22
Q

Organelles

A

components of cells

23
Q

Molecules

A

chemical structure

24
Q

Emergent properties

A

characteristics that arise at certain levels of organization that are missing at lower levels.
* Due to arrange and interaction of particular
components
Example: Coronavirus impacts on human health
Non-biological example: Bicycles

25
Q

Systems biology

A

is looking at the entire system

26
Q

Reductionism

A

going from highest level of
organization to simpler components.
Example: DNA molecular structure

27
Q

What is the emergent property of a cell?

A

Life

28
Q

What can all living cells be divided into?

A

Prokaryotic
– Bacteria
– Archaea

Eukaryotic
-protsits
-fungi
animal
-plants

29
Q

GENETIC INFORMATION

A

DNA / RNA
Passed on from mother cell to daughters

30
Q

Mitosis

A

Exact copies

31
Q

Meiosis

A

Passed from one generation to the next
haploid

32
Q

Genes

A

are encoded within DNA

33
Q

Transcription

A

Rewriting of DNA as RNA

34
Q

Translation

A

Decoding RNA into protein

35
Q

explain how energy flows and nutrients cycle within an ecosystem

A

Energy flows
– Transformed
– Lost as heat

Chemicals are recycled
– Absorbed by plants
– Transferred through food chain

36
Q

Negative feedback

A

slow down the processes
sweating is bringing down your body temp

37
Q

Positive feedback

A

speed up the processes

38
Q

Interactions

A
  • Happen in Molecules to Ecosystems
  • Regulation processes
39
Q

How are organisms grouped?

A

– Similarities
– Evolutionary relationships

40
Q

List the 3 domains of life

A

Domain Bacteria
Domain Archea
Domain Eukarya

41
Q

(phenotypes)

A

traits we can see

42
Q

Outline the requirements for natural selection

A

– Trait must be variable within population
– Trait must be heritable from one generation to the next

43
Q

Define evolution

A

Process of change that allows pop. to adapt to their enviroment
- not goal oriented
- TAKES PLACE IN A POP THOURGH NATURAL SELECTION

44
Q

Natural selection

A

in any given enviorment traits which enable a individual to grow survive and reporduce are passed on to future gens and are selected for

45
Q

unity

A

2 species share certain traits bc they descended from a common ancestor

BIOL 1020 (2 decks)

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