Topic 1: Intelligence Key Study Flashcards
What was the aim of the Twin Family Study of General IQ?
To investigate the contributions of genetics and environment to IQ variance and why spouses have similar IQs.
What type of study was used in the research?
A twin study.
How many families participated in the study?
112 families from the Netherlands.
What did the participants consist of?
A set of twins, parents, and one sibling.
How were the twins identified as identical or fraternal?
DNA tests using cheek swabs.
How were participants chosen for the study?
Volunteer sampling.
What consent was obtained from participants?
Informed consent.
How many sets of twins were in the study, broken down by type?
23 MZ male, 23 DZ male, 25 MZ female, 21 DZ female, 20 DZ mixed.
What test was used for children in the study?
Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM).
What test was used for adults in the study?
Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM).
How did the tests differ in terms of difficulty?
APM had increasing levels of difficulty, while SPM was suitable for children.
What method was used to analyze the test scores?
The Rasch model.
What does the Rasch model consider when analyzing test scores?
Question difficulty and individual ability.
Which group showed the strongest correlation in IQ scores?
MZ (monozygotic) twins.
Was there a significant difference in IQ scores between males and females?
No, there was no significant difference.
Was there a significant correlation in IQ levels between couples?
Yes, there was a significant correlation.
What role do environmental factors play in IQ?
Environmental factors affect children with lower IQs.
What percentage of intelligence is explained by genetics?
Genetics account for 67% of intelligence.
What accounts for the remaining 33% of intelligence?
Environmental factors.
What is the relationship between biological factors and intelligence?
Biological factors, especially hereditary genes, affect intelligence.
How do genetic and environmental factors interact?
Both genetic and environmental factors influence intelligence levels.
Do intelligent parents create more stimulating environments for their children?
No, intelligent parents do not necessarily provide more stimulating environments. Children with high IQ tend to seek out stimulating environments.
Can cultural transmission affect children’s intelligence?
No, cultural transmission does not affect intelligence in children.
