Topic 1: Hazards Earth

Question 1

How are Tsunamis formed?

Answer 1

Underwater earthquakes displace the water above, causing waves o spread away from the epicentre. The waves increase in height as the near the coast due to friction

Question 2

Layers of the earth in correct order

Answer 2

1. Lithosphere
2. Asthenosphere
3. Mantel
4. Outer Core
5. Inner Core

Question 3

Differences between Shield and composite Volcanoes

Answer 3

1. Shape
2. Location
3. Structure
4. Type of eruption
5. Type of lava

Question 4

Shield Volcanoes differences explained

Answer 4

1. Shape - Wide ad gentle slope
2. Location - Found at divergent plate boundarie
3. Structure - Formed from cool lave
4. Type of eruption - Gently erupts runny lava
5. Type of lava Runny & can travel large distances

Question 5

Composite Volcanoes differences explained

Answer 5

1. Shape - Tall & Steep
2. Location - Found at converging plate boundaries
3. Structure - Formed from alternating layers of lava and ash
4. Type of eruption - explosive eruption with pyroclastic flow
5. Type of lava - High viscosity, not runny, does not travel far

Question 6

Identify 3 ways of predicting a volcanic eruption

Answer 6

1. Seismometer - Picks up foreshock before a major earthquake/earthquakes that occur before volcanic eruption
2. Satellite monitoring- measure a change in gas emissions, melting snow on volcanoes, bulging of magma chambers
3. Tiltmeters - Installed on volcanoes to measure ground or rock deformation