Topic 1 - Hazardous Earth Flashcards
Which volcano is less dangerous
Shield
Which volcano is more dangerous
Composite
How steep is a shield volcano
Gentle slope
How deep is a composite volcano
Tall with narrow base
What consistency is the lava in a shield volcano
R u n n y
What is the consistency of the lava in a composite volcano
Viscous
Which volcano is found at a divergent plate boundary
Shield
Which volcano is found at a convergent plate boundary
Composite
How dangerous and how often are eruptions in a shield volcano
Frequent but relatively gentle
How dangerous and how frequent are eruption in a composite volcano
Eruptions of violent but quite rare
Which volcano has lava that flows on long way and is not acidic
Shield
Which volcano has sticky lava and doesn’t flow very far and is acidic
Composite
True or false shield volcano has low silica content
True
True or false composite volcano has low silica content
False
True or false volcano lava has high viscosity
False
True or false composite volcanoes have viscous lava
True
Which plate type is thicker
Continental
Which plate type is thinner
Oceanic
Which plate type is denser
Oceanic
Which plate type is less dense
Continental
What type of rock is continental crust made from
Granite
What type of rock is oceanic crust made from
Basalt
What does continental crust look like
Crystals of quartz
What does oceanic crust look like
No visible crystals
True or false continental crust can be destroyed
False
True or false oceanic crust can be destroyed
True
Where is the asthenosphere located
The upper mantle and is where the magma gets cold so it starts to solidify
What is a hotspot volcano
Volcanoes that are not found at plate boundaries they are they occur when there is a magma Plume in the mantle
Name some benefits of living near a volcano
Fertile land mining opportunities minerals geothermal energy tourism
Name some negatives of living near a volcano
Potential death destruction of infrastructure pollution of rivers deforestation destroyed
What is an earthquake
An earthquake is a natural disaster which occurs when two tectonic plates Collide causing the ground to shake
How do earthquakes happen
Earthquakes happen at plate boundaries are strongest at conservative and convergent subduction boundaries each other the Ender Dragon this means when they move that there is a buildup of friction and pressure
What is the strength of an earthquake called
Magnitude
How are earthquakes measured
Using the Richter Scale
What year was the Japan earthquake
2011
How many people died as a result of the Japan earthquake and what type of impact was this
200000 people died this is a primary impact
How many buildings collapsed as a result of the Japan earthquake and what type of impact was it
300000 buildings class this was a primary impact
Why was destruction of infrastructure not much of a problem in Japan
Because they had earthquake proof buildings
Name the most damaging primary impact as a result of the Japan earthquake
The tsunami
Why was injury and loss of life not much of a problem in Japan
We had alerts and warnings an earthquake drills annually meaning people knew how to respond
What was the predicted and real magnitude of the Japan earthquake
The predicted magnitude with 7 but the real magnitude was 9
How many aftershocks occurred as a result of the Japan earthquake
700
How much did Japan sink by as a result of their earthquake
1 m
How many reactors exploded when fatimah exploded
4
What was released when the cashier exploded
Radioactive gas
How many GW of energy was lost when Fukushima exploded
4.5
How many people were made homeless as a result of the Japan earthquake
450000
How high was some of the tsunami waves in Japan
15m high
How long after the earthquake did the tsunami occur in Japan
24 minutes
Why was the short time I’m after the earthquake that the tsunami occurred bad
People had less time to evacuate meaning more people died
Japan built 10 m high my tsunami wall why was this ineffective
Because the tsunami waves were higher so it got destroyed
In conclusion as a result of the Japan earthquake which impacts were primary or secondary and why
Secondary because they cause more long-term impact and more things happened as a result of primary impact Japan was not prepared for the secondary impact for example of Fukushima explosion
When did the Haiti earthquake occur
2010
How many people died as a result of the Haiti earthquake
316000
How many people were affected as a result of the Haiti earthquake
3 million
How many people died of cholera as a result of the Haiti earthquake and what type of impact was this
More than 1000 people died of cholera this was a secondary impact
How many aftershocks occurred as a result of the Haiti earthquake
52
What was the magnitude of the Haiti earthquake
7
What type of plate boundary caused the Haiti earthquake
Conservative
How many people lost their jobs as a result of the Haiti earthquake and what type of impact was this
1-in 5 people lost their jobs this is a secondary impact
How many homes and buildings were destroyed as a result of the Haiti earthquake
250000 home and 30000 other building including the president Palace and 60% of government buildings were either destroyed or badly damaged
Define weather
The day-to-day conditions of our atmosphere
Define climate
The average temperature and precipitation of a place usually over the course of 30 years
Who in how much gave money to Haiti as an immediate response to the earthquake
usa give 100000000
How many people were provided with food rations after the Haiti earthquake
4.3 million
Name one of the most significant long-term responses of the Haiti earthquake
98% of the Rubble on the road hasn’t been cleared
How many people died as a result of the tsunami in Japan
19000
who came up with the theory of continental drift
alfred wagner
how many pieces of evidence did alfred wagner need to support his theory
4
what were alfred wagners 4 pieces of evidence
the continets semed to fit together
the measasaurus couldnt survive in salt water
rock and moutain correlation
past climate data
what is a hazard
soemthing that causes danger or risk
what is the temperature in the inner core
5,000 degrees
name the 4 plate boundaries
convergant subduction
convergant collision
conservtive
divergant
what happens at a convergant subduction boundary
plates move towards each other
one oceanic plate is froced under a continental plate die the continental plate being more dense
the pressure is then released in a earthquake
what happens at a convergant collision boundary
plates are moving towards each other, both plates or continental so they have the same density therefore they are forced into one another created fold mountains
earthquakes occour due to the plates rubbing against one another
what happens at a diverant plate boundary
plates are moving apart, both plates are oceainc, magma rises between the gap and is quickly cooled by seawater to from basalt = new oceanic crust
shield volcanoes are created due to the earths crust
what happens at a conservative plate boundary
two plate are siding past each together either at different speeds or in different directions
the pressure created is released by an earthquake
what is a lava flow
streams of molten rock that pour or ooze out from an eruption vent
what are lahars
a destuctuve mudflow off of the slopes of a volcano
what is pyroclastic flow
a dense destructive mass of very hot ash lava fragments and gasses ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing at
great speed
what are landslides
movement of mass of rock debris or earth down a slope
what are ash clouds
a cloud formed from tiny ash particles and gasses blasted from the volcano
acid rain
rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric polloution that it causes environmental harm
what year was the haiti earthquake
2010
how many people died as a result of the hati earthquake
316,000
how many aftershocks were there as a result of the haiti earthquake
52
what are the 3 circulation cells
hadley,ferrel and polar cells
explain how global atmospheric circulation works
hot air rises in the tropics and moves north or south,it decends and returns in the hadley cells. Its path along the surface is bent into the trade winds by the earths rotation (coriolis effect) two other cells in each hemisphere work similarly.
What did 74,000 immediate volunteers provide for hurricane Katrina
160,000 evacuations and over and7.5 million hot meals
what did the USA provide
62.2 billion dollars worth of aid packages
what did the local emergancy team do
Firefighter crews from other cities cities were sent to aid emergency assistance
what was a bad response to hurricane katrina
The army didn’t arise until a few days after the hurricane
what is weather
the day to day conditions of our atmosphere
what is climate
the adverage temperature and precipitiation of a place over the cource of 30 years
what is a tsunami
tsunami’s are a series of enormous waves caused when huge amounts of water get displaced
what are 2 causes of a tsunami
earthquakes
volcanoes
what are 3 natural causes of climate change
volcanic euruptions
milankovich cycles
techtonic shifts
what is a tropical cyclone
a powerful,low pressure weather system resulting in strong winds and heavy rainfall
