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Geography Flash cards > Topic 1 - Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Hazardous Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Which volcano is less dangerous

A

Shield

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2
Q

Which volcano is more dangerous

A

Composite

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3
Q

How steep is a shield volcano

A

Gentle slope

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4
Q

How deep is a composite volcano

A

Tall with narrow base

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5
Q

What consistency is the lava in a shield volcano

A

R u n n y

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6
Q

What is the consistency of the lava in a composite volcano

A

Viscous

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7
Q

Which volcano is found at a divergent plate boundary

A

Shield

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8
Q

Which volcano is found at a convergent plate boundary

A

Composite

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9
Q

How dangerous and how often are eruptions in a shield volcano

A

Frequent but relatively gentle

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10
Q

How dangerous and how frequent are eruption in a composite volcano

A

Eruptions of violent but quite rare

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11
Q

Which volcano has lava that flows on long way and is not acidic

A

Shield

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12
Q

Which volcano has sticky lava and doesn’t flow very far and is acidic

A

Composite

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13
Q

True or false shield volcano has low silica content

A

True

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14
Q

True or false composite volcano has low silica content

A

False

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15
Q

True or false volcano lava has high viscosity

A

False

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16
Q

True or false composite volcanoes have viscous lava

A

True

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17
Q

Which plate type is thicker

A

Continental

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18
Q

Which plate type is thinner

A

Oceanic

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19
Q

Which plate type is denser

A

Oceanic

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20
Q

Which plate type is less dense

A

Continental

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21
Q

What type of rock is continental crust made from

A

Granite

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22
Q

What type of rock is oceanic crust made from

A

Basalt

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23
Q

What does continental crust look like

A

Crystals of quartz

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24
Q

What does oceanic crust look like

A

No visible crystals

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25
Q

True or false continental crust can be destroyed

A

False

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26
Q

True or false oceanic crust can be destroyed

A

True

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27
Q

Where is the asthenosphere located

A

The upper mantle and is where the magma gets cold so it starts to solidify

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28
Q

What is a hotspot volcano

A

Volcanoes that are not found at plate boundaries they are they occur when there is a magma Plume in the mantle

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29
Q

Name some benefits of living near a volcano

A

Fertile land mining opportunities minerals geothermal energy tourism

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30
Q

Name some negatives of living near a volcano

A

Potential death destruction of infrastructure pollution of rivers deforestation destroyed

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31
Q

What is an earthquake

A

An earthquake is a natural disaster which occurs when two tectonic plates Collide causing the ground to shake

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32
Q

How do earthquakes happen

A

Earthquakes happen at plate boundaries are strongest at conservative and convergent subduction boundaries each other the Ender Dragon this means when they move that there is a buildup of friction and pressure

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33
Q

What is the strength of an earthquake called

A

Magnitude

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34
Q

How are earthquakes measured

A

Using the Richter Scale

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35
Q

What year was the Japan earthquake

A

2011

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36
Q

How many people died as a result of the Japan earthquake and what type of impact was this

A

200000 people died this is a primary impact

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37
Q

How many buildings collapsed as a result of the Japan earthquake and what type of impact was it

A

300000 buildings class this was a primary impact

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38
Q

Why was destruction of infrastructure not much of a problem in Japan

A

Because they had earthquake proof buildings

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39
Q

Name the most damaging primary impact as a result of the Japan earthquake

A

The tsunami

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40
Q

Why was injury and loss of life not much of a problem in Japan

A

We had alerts and warnings an earthquake drills annually meaning people knew how to respond

41
Q

What was the predicted and real magnitude of the Japan earthquake

A

The predicted magnitude with 7 but the real magnitude was 9

42
Q

How many aftershocks occurred as a result of the Japan earthquake

A

700

43
Q

How much did Japan sink by as a result of their earthquake

A

1 m

44
Q

How many reactors exploded when fatimah exploded

A

4

45
Q

What was released when the cashier exploded

A

Radioactive gas

46
Q

How many GW of energy was lost when Fukushima exploded

A

4.5

47
Q

How many people were made homeless as a result of the Japan earthquake

A

450000

48
Q

How high was some of the tsunami waves in Japan

A

15m high

49
Q

How long after the earthquake did the tsunami occur in Japan

A

24 minutes

50
Q

Why was the short time I’m after the earthquake that the tsunami occurred bad

A

People had less time to evacuate meaning more people died

51
Q

Japan built 10 m high my tsunami wall why was this ineffective

A

Because the tsunami waves were higher so it got destroyed

52
Q

In conclusion as a result of the Japan earthquake which impacts were primary or secondary and why

A

Secondary because they cause more long-term impact and more things happened as a result of primary impact Japan was not prepared for the secondary impact for example of Fukushima explosion

53
Q

When did the Haiti earthquake occur

A

2010

54
Q

How many people died as a result of the Haiti earthquake

A

316000

55
Q

How many people were affected as a result of the Haiti earthquake

A

3 million

56
Q

How many people died of cholera as a result of the Haiti earthquake and what type of impact was this

A

More than 1000 people died of cholera this was a secondary impact

57
Q

How many aftershocks occurred as a result of the Haiti earthquake

A

52

58
Q

What was the magnitude of the Haiti earthquake

A

7

59
Q

What type of plate boundary caused the Haiti earthquake

A

Conservative

60
Q

How many people lost their jobs as a result of the Haiti earthquake and what type of impact was this

A

1-in 5 people lost their jobs this is a secondary impact

61
Q

How many homes and buildings were destroyed as a result of the Haiti earthquake

A

250000 home and 30000 other building including the president Palace and 60% of government buildings were either destroyed or badly damaged

62
Q

Define weather

A

The day-to-day conditions of our atmosphere

63
Q

Define climate

A

The average temperature and precipitation of a place usually over the course of 30 years

64
Q

Who in how much gave money to Haiti as an immediate response to the earthquake

A

usa give 100000000

65
Q

How many people were provided with food rations after the Haiti earthquake

A

4.3 million

66
Q

Name one of the most significant long-term responses of the Haiti earthquake

A

98% of the Rubble on the road hasn’t been cleared

67
Q

How many people died as a result of the tsunami in Japan

A

19000

68
Q

who came up with the theory of continental drift

A

alfred wagner

69
Q

how many pieces of evidence did alfred wagner need to support his theory

A

4

70
Q

what were alfred wagners 4 pieces of evidence

A

the continets semed to fit together
the measasaurus couldnt survive in salt water
rock and moutain correlation
past climate data

71
Q

what is a hazard

A

soemthing that causes danger or risk

72
Q

what is the temperature in the inner core

A

5,000 degrees

73
Q

name the 4 plate boundaries

A

convergant subduction
convergant collision
conservtive
divergant

74
Q

what happens at a convergant subduction boundary

A

plates move towards each other
one oceanic plate is froced under a continental plate die the continental plate being more dense
the pressure is then released in a earthquake

75
Q

what happens at a convergant collision boundary

A

plates are moving towards each other, both plates or continental so they have the same density therefore they are forced into one another created fold mountains
earthquakes occour due to the plates rubbing against one another

76
Q

what happens at a diverant plate boundary

A

plates are moving apart, both plates are oceainc, magma rises between the gap and is quickly cooled by seawater to from basalt = new oceanic crust
shield volcanoes are created due to the earths crust

77
Q

what happens at a conservative plate boundary

A

two plate are siding past each together either at different speeds or in different directions
the pressure created is released by an earthquake

78
Q

what is a lava flow

A

streams of molten rock that pour or ooze out from an eruption vent

79
Q

what are lahars

A

a destuctuve mudflow off of the slopes of a volcano

80
Q

what is pyroclastic flow

A

a dense destructive mass of very hot ash lava fragments and gasses ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing at
great speed

81
Q

what are landslides

A

movement of mass of rock debris or earth down a slope

82
Q

what are ash clouds

A

a cloud formed from tiny ash particles and gasses blasted from the volcano

83
Q

acid rain

A

rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric polloution that it causes environmental harm

84
Q

what year was the haiti earthquake

A

2010

85
Q

how many people died as a result of the hati earthquake

A

316,000

86
Q

how many aftershocks were there as a result of the haiti earthquake

A

52

87
Q

what are the 3 circulation cells

A

hadley,ferrel and polar cells

88
Q

explain how global atmospheric circulation works

A

hot air rises in the tropics and moves north or south,it decends and returns in the hadley cells. Its path along the surface is bent into the trade winds by the earths rotation (coriolis effect) two other cells in each hemisphere work similarly.

89
Q

What did 74,000 immediate volunteers provide for hurricane Katrina

A

160,000 evacuations and over and7.5 million hot meals

90
Q

what did the USA provide

A

62.2 billion dollars worth of aid packages

91
Q

what did the local emergancy team do

A

Firefighter crews from other cities cities were sent to aid emergency assistance

92
Q

what was a bad response to hurricane katrina

A

The army didn’t arise until a few days after the hurricane

93
Q

what is weather

A

the day to day conditions of our atmosphere

94
Q

what is climate

A

the adverage temperature and precipitiation of a place over the cource of 30 years

95
Q

what is a tsunami

A

tsunami’s are a series of enormous waves caused when huge amounts of water get displaced

96
Q

what are 2 causes of a tsunami

A

earthquakes
volcanoes

97
Q

what are 3 natural causes of climate change

A

volcanic euruptions
milankovich cycles
techtonic shifts

98
Q

what is a tropical cyclone

A

a powerful,low pressure weather system resulting in strong winds and heavy rainfall

99
Q
A

Geography Flash cards (8 decks)

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