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HB - Unit 3: Sustainability & Interdependence > Topic 1: Food Supply, Plant Growth and Productivity > Flashcards

Topic 1: Food Supply, Plant Growth and Productivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of food security?

A

Food security is the ability of human populations to access food of sufficient QUALITY and QUANTITY

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2
Q

Why is there a demand for increase food production?

A

Because of an increased human population and concern for food security

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3
Q

What is all food production ultimately dependent upon?

A

Factors that control photosynthesis and plant growth

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4
Q

What must we do to fully utilise the limited area to grow crops?

A

Use fertilisers

Protect plants from pests, diseases and competition

Breed higher yielding cultivars

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5
Q

What are some examples of plant crops?

A

Cereals, potato, roots and legumes

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6
Q

Breeders seek to develop crops with what properties?

A

High nutritional values,

resistance to pests and diseases,

physical characteristics suited to rearing and harvesting,

an ability to thrive in particular environmental conditions

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7
Q

(Livestock OR Plant Crops) produce more food per unit area?

A

Plant crops

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8
Q

Why do livestock produce less food per unit area than plant crops?

A

Due to loss of energy between trophic levels

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9
Q

What are the pigments present in leaves?

A

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids

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10
Q

Each pigment present in leaves absorbs what?

A

A different range of wavelengths of light

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11
Q

What happens to light energy that is not absorbed?

A

Reflected or transmitted

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12
Q

What happens to light energy that is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments?

A

Used to generate ATP and for a photolysis

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13
Q

What does an absorption spectrum show?

A

Shows the amount of light energy absorbed by a pigment at each wavelength

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14
Q

The absorption spectra for chlorophyll a and B shows greatest absorption in what region?

A

Red and blue light range

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15
Q

The absorption spectrum of carotenoids shows greatest absorption in what region?

A

Green light range

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16
Q

What does the action spectrum of photosynthesis show?

A

Shows the rate of photosynthesis occurring,

shows plants can photosynthesise at many wavelengths but is most effective in red and blue

17
Q

Absorption spectra of chlorophyll and carotenoids can be compared to what?

A

action spectra

18
Q

What is the function of the carotenoids?

A

Extend the range of wavelengths absorbed and pass the energy to chlorophyll for photosynthesis

19
Q

What does absorbs light energy due to the electrons in the pigment molecule?

A

The light energy absorbed excites electrons in the pigment molecule

20
Q

What happens to these electrons which are excited?

A

They are transferred through electron transport chain to generate ATP

21
Q

What does ATP synthase do?

A

Phosphorylate ADP to produce ATP

22
Q

What happens in the photolysis?

A

Water is split into oxygen and hydrogen ions

23
Q

What happens to hydrogen ions in photolysis?

A

Hydrogen ions are transferred to the coenzyme NADP

24
Q

What happens to oxygen in photolysis?

A

Oxygen is released from the reaction

25
Q

What does the enzyme RuBisCO do?

A

Fixes carbon dioxide by attaching it to ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)

26
Q

How is 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) produced?

A

It is phosphorylated by ATP and combined with hydrogen ions from NADPH

27
Q

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is formed from what?

A

From 3PG + P + H

28
Q

What is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) used to regenerate?

A

RuBP and for the synthesis of glucose

29
Q

The synthesis of glucose from G3P can be used for what processes?

A

Used as a respiratory substrate, synthesised into starch or Used as a respiratory substrate, synthesised into starch or Cellulose, passed to other biosynthetic pathways,

30
Q

What can biosynthetic pathways lead to the formation of?

A

Metabolites such as DNA, protein and fat

HB - Unit 3: Sustainability & Interdependence (8 decks)

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