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Physics Nat 5 > topic 1 - energy: national and global energy resources > Flashcards

topic 1 - energy: national and global energy resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Name at least 7 of the main energy resouces available for use on Earth.

A
  • Fossil fuels
  • Nuclear fuel
  • Bio-fuel
  • Wind
  • Hydroelectricity
  • Geothermal
  • The tides
  • The Sun
  • Water waves
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2
Q

What is a renewable energy resource?

A

One that is being (or can be) replenished as it is being used.

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3
Q

What is a non-renewable enrgy resource?

A

A resource that is finite and is not capable of being replenished as it is being used.

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4
Q

What are the 3 main types of fossil fuel?

A

Coal, oil, and (natural) gas.

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5
Q

Give at least 5 examples of renewable energy resources.

A

The Sun (solar), wind, water waves, hydroelectricity, the tides, geothermal and bio-fuel.

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6
Q

How are non-renewable energy resources used in transport?

A

Petrol and diesel powered vehicles use fuel created from oil and coal is used in some steam trains to boil water to make steam.

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7
Q

How are renewable energy resources used in transport?

A

Some vehicles run on pure bio-fuel or a mix of bio-fuel and petrol or diesel.

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8
Q

How are non-renewable energy resources used in heating?

A
  • Natural gas is used to heat water which is pumped into radiators
  • Coal is burnt in fireplaces
  • Electric heaters use energy generated from non-renewable energy resources
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9
Q

How are renewable energy resources used in heating?

A
  • A geothermal heat pump uses geothermal energy to heat buildings
  • Solar water heaters use the sun to heat water which is then pumped into radiators in the building
  • Burning bio-fuel or using electricity generated from renewable resources can also be used for heating§
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10
Q

What do the blades of a wind turbine turn to create electricity?

A

A generator.

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11
Q

Is wind power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

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12
Q

Give 2 advantages of wind power.

A
  • Doesn’t emit carbon dioxide
  • Renewable
  • Cheap - no fuel costs and minimal running costs
  • No permenant damage to landscape
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13
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of wind power.

A
  • Spoils the view
  • Emit noise pollution
  • Unreliable
  • Need a large number of turbines to produce enough energy
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14
Q

Give 2 environmental impacts of wind power.

A
  • Degrades habitat for fish, wildlife and plants
  • Spinning turbine blades pose a threat to birds and bats
  • Raw materials production emits carbon dioxide
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15
Q

Give 2 advantages of solar cells.

A
  • Renewable
  • Doesn’t emit carbon dioxide
  • Low running costs
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16
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of solar cells.

A
  • High initial costs
  • Only reliable in daytime
  • Can’t increase power output when there is extra demand
  • Solar farms take up a lot of space
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17
Q

Give an environmental impact of solar cells.

A

Production of solar panels harms the environment as manufacturing them requires a lot of energy.

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18
Q

Where is geothermal energy possible?

A

In volcanic areas or areas where hot rocks lie quite near to the earth’s surface.

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19
Q

What can geothermal power be used for?

A

Generating electricity or heating buildings directly.

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20
Q

Give 2 advantages of geothermal energy.

A
  • Reliable
  • Cheap
  • Doesn’t emit carbon dioxide
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21
Q

Give 2 disadvatages of geothermal energy.

A
  • Not many suitable locations for power plants
  • Power plants are expensive to build
  • Have a limited power output
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22
Q

What is an environmental impact of geothermal energy?

A

The production of power plants damages the environment.

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23
Q

Give 2 advantages of hydroelectric power.

A
  • Renewable
  • Provides an immediate response to an increased demand for electricity
  • Reliable
  • No fuel costs and minimal running costs
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24
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of hydroelectric power.

A
  • High initial costs
  • Need specific locations
  • Damage the environment
  • Reservoirs look unsightly when they dry up
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25
Q

Give 1 environmental impact of hydroelectric power.

A
  • Rotting vegetation releases methane and carbon dioxide

* Loss of habitat for some species

26
Q

What are wave turbines connected to which makes them work?

A

A generator.

27
Q

Give 2 advantages of wave power.

A
  • No fuel costs and minimal running costs
  • No pollution
  • Very useful on small islands
  • Renewable
28
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of wave power.

A

• High initial costs
• Difficult to provide energy on a large scale
• Spoils the view
* Is a hazard to boats

29
Q

Give an environmental impact of wave power.

A
  • Disturbs the seabed

* Damages the habitat of marine animals

30
Q

What is the most common way in which tides are used to create electricity?

A

Using tidal barrages.

31
Q

What are tidal barrages?

A

Big dams built across river estuaries with turbines in them.

32
Q

What are tides produced by?

A

The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.

33
Q

Give 2 advantages of tidal barrages.

A
  • Has the potential to generate a significant amount of energy
  • No fuel costs and minimal running costs
  • Reliable
  • Doesn’t emit carbon dioxide
  • Renewable
34
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of tidal barrages.

A
  • High initial costs
  • Can only be used in specific suitable estuaries
  • Spoils the view
  • Don’t work when the water level is the same on each side of the barrage
  • Tides are varible heights
35
Q

What is an environmental impact of tidal barrages?

A

Alters the habitat of wildlife (e.g. wading birds, sea creatures and sand beasties).

36
Q

Are solar cells renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

37
Q

Is geothermal power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

38
Q

Is hydroelectric power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

39
Q

Is tidal power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

40
Q

Are tidal barrages renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

41
Q

Are bio-fuels renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

42
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable.

43
Q

What are bio-fuels made from?

A

Plant products or animal dung.

44
Q

Give 1 use of bio-fuels.

A

Producing electricity or running cars.

45
Q

Give 2 advantages of bio-fuels.

A
  • Renewable
  • Carbon-neutral
  • Reliable
46
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of bio-fuels.

A
  • High refining costs
  • Use up crops that could otherwise be used for food
  • Can’t respond to immediate energy demands
  • Forests are cleares to make space to grow bio-fuels so lots of species lose their natural habitats. The burning of this vegetation also increases carbon dioxide and methane production.
47
Q

Is nuclear energy renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable.

48
Q

Give 2 advantages of fossil fuels.

A
  • Reliable
  • High power output
  • Low running costs
49
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels.

A
  • Non-renewable/finite
  • Emit carbon dioxide
  • High costs to set up power plants
  • Power plants spoil the view
50
Q

Give 2 environmental impacts of fossil fuels.

A
  • Release carbon dioxide when burnt which contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming
  • Burning coal and oil releases sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain, which can be harmful to trees and soil and damage ecosystems
  • Oil spillages affect mammals and birds that live in and around the sea
51
Q

Guve 2 advantages of nuclear power.

A
  • Reliable
  • Doesn’t emit carbon dioxide
  • Low running costs
  • High power output
52
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of nuclear power.

A
  • Non-renewable
  • High cost to set up power plants
  • Produces dangerous nuclear waste
53
Q

Give an environmental impact of nuclear power.

A
  • Nuclear waste is dangerous and difficult to dispose of

* Always carries the risk of major catastrophe

54
Q

Over the 20th Century, did electricity use in the UK increase or decrease and why?

A

Increased because the population grew and people began to use electricity for more and more things.

55
Q

Since the beginning of the 21st Century, has the electricity use of the UK been increasing or decreasing and why?

A

Decreasing because we are getting better at making appliances more efficient and becoming more careful with energy use in our homes.

56
Q

Which 2 energy resources is the majority of the UK’s energy generated from?

A

Fossil fuels and nuclear fuel.

57
Q

Why is there now an increasing pressure to move towards renewable energy resources? (give 2 reasons)

A
  • We now know that fossil fuels are very damaging to the environment
  • People and governments are becoming increasingly aware that non-renewables are finite and think it’s better to learn to get by using renewables before this happens
  • Pressure from the public and governments has made energy provuders produce more renewable energy power plants so they don’t lose business and money
58
Q

What 3 factors are the use of renewables limited by?

A

Reliability, politics and money.

59
Q

How does politics limit the use of renewables?

A

Although scientists can give advice, they don;t have the power to make people. governments or compacies change their behaviours.

60
Q

Give 1 way in which money limits the use of renewables?

A
  • Building new renewable power plants is expensive, so energy provides are reluctant to do this, especially when fossil fuels are so cost effective
  • The cost of switching to renewable power will have to be paid, either by customers in their bills, or through governments or taxes. Some people can’t afford to, or don’t want to pay.
61
Q

How does reliability limit the use of renewables?

A

Some energy resources such as wind power are not as reliable as traditional fossil fuels, whilst others cannot increase their power output on demand.

Physics Nat 5 (30 decks)

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