Topic 1: Economic Downturn & Recovery

Question 1

What did unemployment reach by the end of 1929?

Answer 1

2.5 million

Question 2

What did unemployment reach by the end of 1932?

Answer 2

13 million

Question 3

What happened as a result of less demand for American goods?

Answer 3

Businesses close = unemployment rises

Question 4

Who were usually first to lose their jobs?

Answer 4

Black workers

Question 5

What was the percentage of black people unemployed in 1933?

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

What was the percentage of white people unemployed in 1933?

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

What were the ‘alternative’ homes nicknamed to mock the president?

Answer 7

Hoovervilles

Question 8

How many hobos were there by 1932?

Answer 8

2 million

Question 9

Which states did the 1931 drought hit the worst?

Answer 9

Oklahoma, New Mexico & Kansas

Question 10

How many farmers packed up their things and left to find work in the fruit growing areas of the west coast?

Answer 10

1 million

Question 11

What were people who left from Oklahoma called?

Answer 11

Okies

Question 12

What were people who left from Arkansas called?

Answer 12

Arkies

Question 13

Why were farmers in the west happy to employ arkies and okies?

Answer 13

They worked for low wages

Question 14

What did marriage rates fall by in 1932?

Answer 14

Almost 250,000

Question 15

What did the suicide rate increase to in 1932?

Answer 15

17.4 per 1000

Question 16

How many months did some schools close for in Arkansas and why?

Answer 16

10 months because they couldn’t afford to pay the teachers

Question 17

What percentage of the population received no income in 1932?

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

How many people marched on Washington DC in 1932 and why?

Answer 18

12,000 veterans asking for an early payment for their bonus, Hoover refused

Question 19

How much would the bonus have cost the government?

Answer 19

$2.3 million

Question 20

How many bonus marchers remained and what were they labelled?

Answer 20

5000, communists

Question 21

What was the result of the army being called in on the bonus march?

Answer 21

A baby was killed and 100 others injured due to the use of tear gas

Question 22

What was the slogan used because people believed that Hoover didn’t care about them?

Answer 22

“In Hoover we trusted…now we are busted”

Question 23

Why were Hoover’s policies criticised?

Answer 23

He refused to borrow money
Stuck to the Republican policies of Rugged Individualism and Laissez-Faire

Question 24

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act of 1930?

Answer 24

Increases import duties but other countries refused to trade with the USA

Question 25

What did Hoover spend more on than that of the previous 30 years?

Answer 25

Public works e.g. Boulder Dam

Question 26

Who won the 1932 election?

Answer 26

Roosevelt

Question 27

How many of the 48 states voted for Hoover?

Answer 27

6

Question 28

What ere Roosevelt's set of policies called?

Answer 28

The New Deal

Question 29

What were the 3 R's of Roosevelt's New Deal?

Answer 29

Relief, Recover & Reform

Question 30

When were Roosevelt's first 100 days?

Answer 30

9 March - 16 June 1933

Question 31

How many banks closed before Roosevelt's presidency?

Answer 31

2000

Question 32

What were Roosevelt's Fireside Chats?

Answer 32

Personal explanations of his policies on the radio

Question 33

What was Roosevelt's first Fireside chat about?

Answer 33

The banking crisis. He assured the US people that banks would only open when they were secure

Question 34

What was FERA?

Answer 34

Emergency relief of $500 million for unemployed

Question 35

What was the CCC?

Answer 35

Creation of jobs for men aged between 18-25 e.g. planting trees

Question 36

What was the NRA?

Answer 36

Set fair prices, wages and working conditions. Symbol of the blue eagle.

Question 37

How many were unemployed in 1935?

Answer 37

10 million

Question 38

Who opposed the New Deal?

Answer 38

Individuals such as Huey Long, Politicians on both sides & the Supreme court (SC)

Question 39

How many years of Democratic Presidents were there between 1861-1933?

Answer 39

16 years

Question 40

What and when was the Sick Chickens case?

Answer 40

Found NIRA illegal, 1935

Question 41

What and when was the US v Butler case?

Answer 41

Found AAA illegal, 1936

Question 42

What age of SC judges did Roosevelt attempt to retire?

Answer 42

Over 70 years old and replace with supporters

Question 43

When was the Sick Chickens ruling reversed?

Answer 43

1937