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History: Development of the USA > Topic 1: Economic Downturn & Recovery > Flashcards

Topic 1: Economic Downturn & Recovery Flashcards

1
Q

What did unemployment reach by the end of 1929?

A

2.5 million

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2
Q

What did unemployment reach by the end of 1932?

A

13 million

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3
Q

What happened as a result of less demand for American goods?

A

Businesses close = unemployment rises

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4
Q

Who were usually first to lose their jobs?

A

Black workers

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5
Q

What was the percentage of black people unemployed in 1933?

A

50%

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6
Q

What was the percentage of white people unemployed in 1933?

A

20%

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7
Q

What were the ‘alternative’ homes nicknamed to mock the president?

A

Hoovervilles

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8
Q

How many hobos were there by 1932?

A

2 million

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9
Q

Which states did the 1931 drought hit the worst?

A

Oklahoma, New Mexico & Kansas

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10
Q

How many farmers packed up their things and left to find work in the fruit growing areas of the west coast?

A

1 million

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11
Q

What were people who left from Oklahoma called?

A

Okies

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12
Q

What were people who left from Arkansas called?

A

Arkies

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13
Q

Why were farmers in the west happy to employ arkies and okies?

A

They worked for low wages

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14
Q

What did marriage rates fall by in 1932?

A

Almost 250,000

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15
Q

What did the suicide rate increase to in 1932?

A

17.4 per 1000

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16
Q

How many months did some schools close for in Arkansas and why?

A

10 months because they couldn’t afford to pay the teachers

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17
Q

What percentage of the population received no income in 1932?

A

25%

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18
Q

How many people marched on Washington DC in 1932 and why?

A

12,000 veterans asking for an early payment for their bonus, Hoover refused

19
Q

How much would the bonus have cost the government?

A

$2.3 million

20
Q

How many bonus marchers remained and what were they labelled?

A

5000, communists

21
Q

What was the result of the army being called in on the bonus march?

A

A baby was killed and 100 others injured due to the use of tear gas

22
Q

What was the slogan used because people believed that Hoover didn’t care about them?

A

“In Hoover we trusted…now we are busted”

23
Q

Why were Hoover’s policies criticised?

A

He refused to borrow money
Stuck to the Republican policies of Rugged Individualism and Laissez-Faire

24
Q

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act of 1930?

A

Increases import duties but other countries refused to trade with the USA

25
Q

What did Hoover spend more on than that of the previous 30 years?

A

Public works e.g. Boulder Dam

26
Q

Who won the 1932 election?

A

Roosevelt

27
Q

How many of the 48 states voted for Hoover?

A

6

28
Q

What ere Roosevelt’s set of policies called?

A

The New Deal

29
Q

What were the 3 R’s of Roosevelt’s New Deal?

A

Relief, Recover & Reform

30
Q

When were Roosevelt’s first 100 days?

A

9 March - 16 June 1933

31
Q

How many banks closed before Roosevelt’s presidency?

A

2000

32
Q

What were Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats?

A

Personal explanations of his policies on the radio

33
Q

What was Roosevelt’s first Fireside chat about?

A

The banking crisis. He assured the US people that banks would only open when they were secure

34
Q

What was FERA?

A

Emergency relief of $500 million for unemployed

35
Q

What was the CCC?

A

Creation of jobs for men aged between 18-25 e.g. planting trees

36
Q

What was the NRA?

A

Set fair prices, wages and working conditions. Symbol of the blue eagle.

37
Q

How many were unemployed in 1935?

A

10 million

38
Q

Who opposed the New Deal?

A

Individuals such as Huey Long, Politicians on both sides & the Supreme court (SC)

39
Q

How many years of Democratic Presidents were there between 1861-1933?

A

16 years

40
Q

What and when was the Sick Chickens case?

A

Found NIRA illegal, 1935

41
Q

What and when was the US v Butler case?

A

Found AAA illegal, 1936

42
Q

What age of SC judges did Roosevelt attempt to retire?

A

Over 70 years old and replace with supporters

43
Q

When was the Sick Chickens ruling reversed?

A

1937

History: Development of the USA (5 decks)

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