Topic 1 - ECC Overview Flashcards
CV System Function
- Carry nutrients to cells
- Remove final products/waste from cells
Heart function
- Provide blood flow
- Generate blood pressure
Vascular system function
- provide path to/from cells
- control blood distribution
- systemic circulation
- pulmonary circulation
Components of Vascular system
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
Arteries
- More elastic
- More muscle
- Thick wall
- No valves
- Small lumen
Veins
- Less elastic
- Less muscle
- Thin walls
- One way valves
- Large lumen
Position of heart
More toward left side of chest and turned so right side is facing anterior
AV Valve
- Tricuspid
- Between RA and RV
Mitral valve
- aka Bicuspid / Left AV valve
- Between LA and LV
CPB main purpose
- Provide surgeon with quiet/bloodless field
- Keep patient’s body and components alive and healthy
CPB insertions
- Pick up blood before entering heart from systemic veins
- Return blood to systemic arteries after the heart
ECC must do’s
- Replace function of lungs (add O2 / remove CO2)
- Replace function of heart (generate flow and pressure)
- Increase / decrease thermal energy of circulating blood
ECC must minimize:
- Coagulation activation
- Inflammatory response
CPB is used for:
- Repair of cardiac congenital defects
- Repair of cardiac valves
- placement of CABG
- Heart / lung transplant
- Aortic vascular repair
- VADs
- ECMOs
ECC components:
- Pumps
- Oxygenators
- Reservoirs
- Filters
- Safety devices
ECC pump
-Move blood / fluid through ECC
Arterial pump head
-Replaces function of heart
Pump suction
Remove / salvage blood from surgical site
Pump vent
Decompresses heart
Pump Cardioplegia
Delivers cardioplegia solution to temporarily arrest heart
Types of pumps
- Roller (positive displacement pump)
- Centrifugal (kinetic / magnetic spinning pump)
Oxygenators
- Artificial lung
- Provide gas exchange (O2, CO2, gas anesthesia)
- Control levels of O2 and CO2 in blood
- Does it over a much smaller surface area compared to real lungs
Types of Oxygenators
- Bubble
- Membrane (more commonly used)
Reservoir function
- Store blood and fluid
- Provide collection point
- Allows blood to settle and for bubbles to settle out
Reservoir types
- Arterial: part of bubble oxygenator system, no longer used
- Venous: part of membrane oxygenator / placed before arterial pump and the oxygenator / soft and hard shell bags
- Cardiotomy: separate from pump / collects from vent and suction lines
ECC Filters function
- Remove unwanted material from blood / fluid/ gases
- Filters out gaseous/particle microemoli, water, bacteria, WBCs
Types of ECC filters
- Arterial
- Cardiotomy
- Prebypass
- Gas
- Cardioplegia
- Transfusion
Types of safety devices
- One way valves
- Vacuum relief valves
- Arterial filter / bubble trap
- Low level detectors
- Bubble detectors
- Pressure monitors
- O2 analyzes
