Topic 1 (DND) Flashcards
What is a Hypothesis?
A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
What is an Experimental Design?
Experimental design is the process of carrying out research in an objective and controlled fashion so that precision is maximized and specific conclusions can be drawn regarding a hypothesis statement. Generally, the purpose is to establish the effect that a factor or independent variable has on a dependent variable.
List 3 KEY elements in an Experimental Design.
- Indpendent Variable
- Dependant Variable
- Controlled Variable
What is an Observational Design?
An observational study is one that involves observing (watching) actual behaviours, which are subsequently scored.
When may an Observational Design be used?
An observational study answers a research question based purely on what the researcher observes. There is no interference or manipulation of the research subjects and no control and treatment groups.
What is a Qualitative Design?
Interview, Survey, Focus Group, Delphi Technique etc.
When may a Qualitative Design be used?
Use quantitative research if you want to confirm or test something (a theory or hypothesis) Use qualitative research if you want to understand something (concepts, thoughts, experiences)
What is the difference between sample and population?
A population is an entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is a specific group that you will collect data from.
What makes a good sample?
Generalisability, representative of the population.
What is the difference between Objective and Subjective data?
Objective data is facts and subjective data is an opinion.
What is the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative data?
Qualitative data is words and Quantitative data is numbers.
Apply Ethical Principles to Confidentiality.
Confidentiality is a respected part of psychology’s code of ethics. Psychologists understand that for people to feel comfortable talking about private and revealing information, they need a safe place to talk about anything they’d like, without fear of that information leaving the room.
Apply Ethical Principles to Voluntary Participation.
Voluntary participation means that all research subjects are free to choose to participate without any pressure or coercion. All participants are able to withdraw from, or leave, the study at any point without feeling an obligation to continue. Your participants don’t need to provide a reason for leaving the study.
Apply Ethical Principles to Withdrawal Rights.
Participants should be able to leave a study at any time if they feel uncomfortable. They should also be allowed to withdraw their data. They should be told at the start of the study that they have the right to withdraw.
Apply Ethical Principles to Informed Consent.
Informed consent is one of the founding principles of research ethics. Its intent is that human participants can enter research freely (voluntarily) with full information about what it means for them to take part, and that they give consent before they enter the research.
