Topic 1 Differences In Achievement

Question 1

Bernstein

Answer 1

• working class language is deficient
• working class use restricted code = limited vocabulary and understanding
• middle class use elaborated code = wider vocabulary and more complex sentences

Question 2

Douglas

Answer 2

Working class parents place less value on education

Question 3

Sugarman

Answer 3

Working class subcultures :

• immediate gratification
• Presley time orientation
• fatalism
• collectivism

Question 4

Keddie

Answer 4

Evaluation of cultural deprivation , sees it as victim blaming

Question 5

Howard

Answer 5

Poor diet and health leads to underachievement

Question 6

Wilkinson

Answer 6

The lower the social class the , more likely to find anxiety and hyperactivity

Question 7

Bull

Answer 7

‘Costs of free schooling ‘ working class students cannot always meet the education demands

Question 8

Ridge

Answer 8

Children in poverty take on jobs which negatively affects their educational achievement eg. School work

Question 9

Callender and Jackson

Answer 9

Working class pupils are debt adverse - don’t go to uni on fear of the debt it could cause

Question 10

Bourdieu

Answer 10

Middle class children have cultural capital which helps at school eg. Knowledge , attitudes , language

Question 11

Leon Feinstein

Answer 11

Educated parents more likely to use language to change their children to evaluate their understanding