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Physics Unit 1 > Topic 1 (data test) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (data test) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the symbol for the quantity, name of the unit and symbol of the unit for length

A

Symbol Quantaty = L
Name of Unit = metre
Symbol of Unit = m

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2
Q

What is the symbol, name of the unit and symbol of the unit for mass

A

Symbol Quantity = m
Name of Unit = kilogram
Symbol of Unit = kg

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3
Q

What is the symbol, name of the unit and symbol of the unit for time

A

Symbol Quantity = t
Name of Unit = second
Symbol of Unit = s

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4
Q

What is the symbol, name of the unit and symbol of the unit for electric current

A

Symbol Quantity = I
Name of Unit = ampero
Symbol of Unit = A

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5
Q

What is the symbol, name of the unit and symbol of the unit for temperature

A

Symbol Quantaty = T
Name of Unit = kelvin
Symbol of Unit = K

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6
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Results are close to the true or theoretical value

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7
Q

What is precision?

A

If there are consistent data results across multiple trials

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8
Q

What is validity (valid)?

A

Results have been collected using appropriate procedures

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9
Q

What is it if an experiment is reliable

A

If multiple trials are conducted in a similar way - the final result or (calculated average) is likely to be reliable

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10
Q

What are the three types of errors

A

Random errors
Systematic errors
Percentage errors

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11
Q

What is a random error

A

It cannot be predicted since its random

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12
Q

What is a systematic error

A

Consistent results in a measured or calculated value that is either to low or high

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13
Q

What is a percentage error %

A

How far the experimental value is from the true or theoretical value in a percentage

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14
Q

What is absolute uncertainty

A

Indicates a range of possible values
- (Reading e.x. thermometer = plus or minus 0.5C)
- (Measurement e.x. ruler = +- 1mm)

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15
Q

What is the kinetic particle model

A

A model in which matter is made up of small particles that are constantly moving

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16
Q

Explain a solid

A

Has a fixed shape and volume but is able to vibrate in place

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17
Q

Explain a liquid

A

Has a fixed volume but variable shape (overcomes forces and moves) - fits it’s container

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18
Q

Explain a gas

A

Has no fixed shape or volume (moves at random directions at high speeds)

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19
Q

What is temperature and how does it transfer

A

The average amount of kinetic energy in a substance

Moves from a hotter substance to cooler to reach thermal equilibrium (particles with lots of energy to those we less when colliding with each other)

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20
Q

What is internal energy

A

The total potential energy and kinetic energy of the particles in a system

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21
Q

Explain conduction (how it transfers heat)

A

Particles of matter transfer heat when in direct contact since they vibrate against another

Occurs through particle collisions where no transfer of physical matter is done

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22
Q

What is a conductor

A

Allows heat to move through it

23
Q

Explain convection and how it works

A

It is heat transfer from one location to another by movement of fluids (gas or liquid)
Substances in hot areas are less dense than substances in cold places or particles

24
Q

Explain radiation

A

Tranfer of heat by means of electromagnetic waves since any particle with heat will vibrate, creating EM waves
Thermal energy
When these waves encounter matter, radiant energy will cause the atoms to vibrate tranforming EM energy to heat energy

  • Does not need particle contact and occurs within vaccums
25
Q

What is the value to convert kelvins and celcius

A

273

26
Q

When does a change of temperature occur

A

When system absorbs/loses heat, avergae kinetic energy of particle changes (unless when changiong state/phase)

27
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

How easily a substance changes temperature

‘How much energy is required to change 1kg of a substance by 1K

28
Q

What does watts equal

A

W = Joules/Second

29
Q

What is the change of state

A

Breaking or the making of intermoleculer bonds, where energy is given to change the bonds instead of kinetic energy, thus no temp change

30
Q

What is the latent heat called between solids and liquids

A

Latent heat of fusion

31
Q

What is the latent heat called between liquids and gases

A

latent heat of vaporisation

32
Q

What is it called when something changes from solid to a gas

A

Sublimation

33
Q

What is it called when something changes from a gas to a solid

A

Deposition

34
Q

What is equilibrium regarding heat

A

Occurs when objects are at the same temp (-q lost = q gain

35
Q

What is an open system

A

Both energy and mass go in and out

36
Q

What is a closed system

A

No mass in/out but energy does change

37
Q

What is an isolated system

A

No energy or mass in/out

38
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Internal energy present in a system due to it’s temperature

39
Q

WHat is thermal equilibrium

A

No net exchange of thermal energy between any of it’s componenets

40
Q

What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

The transfer of enegry from a system with a higher temp to a system with a lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is eached

If two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in equilibrium with each other.

41
Q

What is calorimetry

A

The measuring of heat absorbed or released in chemical reactions

42
Q

What is mechanical work

A

‘Work’ is the energy’s interaction between the system and it’s surroundings

43
Q

What is the work force equation

A

W = Fs

W = work (joules)
F = force (Newtons)
s = displacement (metres)

44
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

When energy passes as work or heat, into or out of a system, the system’s internal energy changes in ccordance with the law of conservation of energy

45
Q

Thermal equilibrium greaph rate of change vs difference?

A

Bigger difference in temp, the greater the rate of temp change, the lower the difference the decreased rate of change (asymptote)

46
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

The total energy of an isolated system in a given time frame of reference remains constant over time

47
Q

What are the symbols when thermal energyu is added to the system and removed/wasted

A

thermal added –> +Q
thermal removed/wasted –> -Q

48
Q

What are the symbols when work is done by or on the system

A

done on –> +W
done by –> -W

49
Q

What is thermal efficiency

A

The amount of useful energy output or energy lost to the surroundings

Efficiency of a heat engine measured by the ratio of the work done by it to the heat supplied to it

50
Q

Thermal efficiency equation?

A

n = energy_output/energy_input * 100%

51
Q

What is conservation of energy equation

A

change in U = Q + W
U = internal energy
Q = heat added to system
W = work done on system

52
Q

Define energy?

A

Energy is the capacity to do work. The higher the energy content the greater the impact when it is transformed or transferred

53
Q

Define heat?

A

Heat is energy in the process of being transferred from one place to another due to their temperature difference.

54
Q

What is the work-energy principle?

A

the amount of work done on an object or system will equal the change in kinetic energy for that object or system.

Physics Unit 1 (2 decks)

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