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Physics > Topic 1 Core questions - Energy > Flashcards

Topic 1 Core questions - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A 
kinetic energy(J) = 1/2 x mass(kg) x (speed)²(m/s)
E=1/2mv²
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2
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength(N/kg) x height (m)
E=mgh

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3
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power(W) = Energy transferred(J)/time(s)
P=E/t

Power(W) = Work done(J)/time(s)
P=W/t

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4
Q

What is the definition of power?

A

Power is the rate of transfer of energy or the rate of doing work

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5
Q

What is the equation for calculating efficiency from energy?

A

Efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input

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6
Q

What is the equation for calculating efficiency from power?

A

Efficiency = useful power output/total power input

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7
Q

Mechanical transfer is…?

A

The energy transfer when a force moves through a distance

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8
Q

Electrical transfer is…?

A

The energy transferred when a charge moves

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9
Q

Radiation transfer is…?

A

The energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation.

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10
Q

Heat transfer is…?

A

Energy transferred when an object is heated.

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11
Q

List the 4 energy transfer pathways.

A

Mechanical, electrical, radiation and heat.

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12
Q

List the energy stores.

A 
Chemical
Kinetic
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Internal
Nuclear
Magnetic
Electrostatic.
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13
Q

Energy stored in objects which move.

A

kinetic

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14
Q

Chemical energy is stored as…?

A

chemicals waiting to react

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15
Q

What is a gravitational potential store?

A

energy stored in objects raised up against the force of gravity.

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16
Q

The internal energy store is…

A

energy stored in the movement of particles.

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17
Q

The internal energy store of an object can be changed by…?

A

heating or cooling

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18
Q

What is the nuclear energy store?

A

Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can fuse or split.

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19
Q

What is the magnetic energy store?

A

Energy stored in magnets that are attracting or repelling

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20
Q

What is the electrostatic energy store?

A

Energy stored in electric charges that are attracting or repelling

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21
Q

Name two non-renewable energy resources

A

Fossil fuels(coal, gas, oil), nuclear fuel

22
Q

What are some advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource?

A

reliable, cheap

23
Q

What is a reliable energy source?

A

one which can produce energy all the time.

24
Q

What are some disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A 
carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) produced leading to global warming. 
Can produce sulphur dioxide causing acid rain.
25
Q

What are some advantages of nuclear fuel?

A

No carbon dioxide produced, reliable.

26
Q

What are some disadvantages of nuclear fuel?

A

Nuclear waste remains radioactive for thousands of years.

Expensive to build and decommission

27
Q

List the renewable energy resources.

A 
biofuel
wind
hydroelectricity
geothermal
tidal
wave
solar
28
Q

What are some advantages of biofuels?

A

carbon-neutral, reliable

29
Q

What are some disadvantages of biofuels?

A

production of fuel can damage ecosystems and reduce the variety of crops grown

30
Q

What are some advantages of wind power?

A

No carbon dioxide produced

31
Q

What are some disadvantages of wind power?

A

unreliable, expensive to construct

32
Q

What are some advantages of hydroelectricity?

A

No carbon dioxide produced

33
Q

What are some disadvantages of hydroelectricity?

A

blocks rivers preventing fish migration, unreliable (may not produce electricity during droughts)

34
Q

What are some advantages of geothermal energy?

A

doesn’t damage ecosystems, reliable.

35
Q

What are some disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A

fluids drawn from the ground may contain greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane. These contribute to global warming

36
Q

What are some advantages of tidal energy?

A

No carbon dioxide produced.

37
Q

What are some disadvantages of tidal energy?

A

unreliable - tides vary, may damage tidal ecosystem

38
Q

What are some advantages of wave power?

A

No carbon dioxide produced

39
Q

What are some disadvantages of wave power?

A

unreliable - may not produce electricity when calm seas

40
Q

What are some advantages of solar power?

A

No carbon dioxide produced

41
Q

What are some disadvantages of solar power?

A

unreliable - no electricity produced at night and limited on cloudy days. Expensive to construct.

42
Q

What term is used to describe energy becoming spread out or transferred to a “wasted” store?

A

dissipation

43
Q

What term is used to describe a method for reducing unwanted energy transfers by reducing friction?

A

lubrication

44
Q

What is a thermal insulator?

A

A non-conductive material which reduces thermal energy transfers.

45
Q

What is the name for a method of reducing energy transfers by the use of non-conductive materials?

A

insulation

46
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created and destroyed but only transferred from one store to another.

47
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1ᵒC

48
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection is where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
(occurs only in liquids and gasses)

49
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is the process where vibrating particles transfers energy to neighbouring particles (occurs mainly in solids)

50
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is a single or group of objects that you are interested in

e.g.
a ball the rolling - the system is the moving ball

Physics (8 decks)

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