Topic 1: Conquest and expansion Flashcards
Background to Claudius’ invasion
•Julius Ceasar in 55 and 54 as it was the edge of the world.
•Motivation not fully known, he was deeply ambitious and may have wanted to enhance his own reputation.
•There was conflict between the Catuvellauni and Trinovanted as the c were expanding against their neignbours.
•It was a significant invasion but less so than Claudius’ full invasion in 43.
•Ceasar didnt have a large enough force to defeat the Britins.
•Ceasar called it a success as they manajed to cross the sea which was suprising.
•But it connected a numbrr of british tribes to Rome treaties in friendship, ehich caused more division amomgst celtic tribes
Reasons for Claudius’ invasion
•MELA - Flat and firtile land, as well as gems and pearls.
•MELA - He wanted to be “proclaimed by his triumph”.
•BROMZE COIN - Verica, king of Atrebates was a close ally and was exiled so wanted revenge.
•DIO - Verica was exiled so persuaded Claudius.
•SUETONIUS - Gaius told them to collect shells. He exaggerates so limited and unreliable.
•SUETONIUS- “Senate decreed him triumphal ornaments that were beneath his dignity”.
•TACITUS - “extend the roman boundary, nit been done since Augustus.:
Claudius invasion events and outcomes
•DIO - Aulus Plautious senator.
•DIO - Soldiers objected to outside civilised world, until freedman Narcissus talked them into it.
•DIO - Their mutiny made their departure late in the season.
•DIO - When they got there they found no one to oppose them as they had fled to lswamps and forests.
•DIO- Plautius forst defeated Caratacus and Togodumbnus at the battle of Medway.
•DIO - After swimming across the bridge they consentrated on chariot horses.
•DIO - Plautius sent for Claudius , plays an active role.
•AUREUS OF CLAUDIUS - Hailed as imperator 3 times when its only tradition for once.
Governorship
•Under Plautius there was the ninth,, fourteenth and secind legion.
•TACITUS - Scapula defeated the Iceni tribe.
•TACITUS - Scapuka then stationed the 20th legion on silurian territory in wales.
•TACITUS - Portrays Scapula as weak and Ostoriys, ti make Agricola seem better.
•TACITUS - Gallus victory over Silures and replaced by Veranius who flagtered Nero but won against Boud.
•TACITUS - Paulinus attacked Mona, brutal attack.
•TACITUS - Turpillianus focused on consolidation, dignifies hus lazy inactivity with the name of peace.
•TACITUS - Maximus and Caelius beef, he ran away and ruined army morale.
Year of 4 emperors + Agricola
•SUETONIUS - Nero never had any desire to explain the empire
•TACITUS - Bolanus sent in place of Trebellius whi fled.
•TACITUS - hardened by frequent foghting they hated the enemy rather than eachotherm
•Wales was abandones after Boudican revolt.
We dont have much about these campaigns as Tacitus focuses on Agricola, (AD 78-84)
