topic 1 cells biology

Question 1

what are the two types of organisms

Answer 1

prokartyotes or eukaryotes

Question 2

what is a prokaryotes

Answer 2

prokaryotic cell

Question 3

what cell includes animal and plant cells

Answer 3

eukaryotic cells which are complex

Question 4

what is an example of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

bacteria

Question 5

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 5

contains genetic material that controls the activities of cells

Question 6

what is the function of cytoplasm

Answer 6

where most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place

Question 7

what is a cell membrane

Answer 7

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 8

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 8

these are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place

Question 9

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 9

where proteins are made

Question 10

what is the function of a permanent vacuole

Answer 10

contains cell sap

Question 11

what is the function of the cell wall

Answer 11

it gives the cell structure and support

Question 12

what is chloroplast

Answer 12

these are where photosynthesis occurs. which makes green substances called chlorophyll.

Question 13

what cell is smaller eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 13

prokaryotic

Question 14

what part of a cell does a bacteria cell not have

Answer 14

chloroplast and mitochondria

Question 15

what is the formula for magnification

Answer 15

magnification= image size/
real size

Question 16

what is differentiation

Answer 16

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 17

in an animal cell when is the ability to differentiate usually lost

Answer 17

early stages after they become specialised

Question 18

when cells differentiate in a mature animal what is the reason

Answer 18

repairing and replacing cells

Question 19

what are undifferentiated cells known as

Answer 19

stem cells

Question 20

how is a sperm cell specialised for reproduction

Answer 20

long tail
streamlined head
mitochondria

Question 21

how are nerve spells specialised for signalling

Answer 21

long (cover distnace)
branched connections
can connect to form a network

Question 22

how are muscle cells specialised for contraction

Answer 22

long (space to contract)
contain lots of mitochondria

Question 23

how are root hair cells specialised for absorbing water and minerals

Answer 23

big surface area
small hairs

Question 24

how are the phloem and xylem specialised for transporting substances

Answer 24

tubes
hollow
very few subcellular structures

Question 25

what do chromosomes contain

Answer 25

genetic information

Question 26

what are chromosomes

Answer 26

coiled up DNA molecules

Question 27

what is the first stage of the cell cycle

Answer 27

Growth and DNA replication

Question 28

what happens to the cell first

Answer 28

grows and increase

Question 29

what is stage 2 in the cell cycle

Answer 29

mitosis

Question 30

what can embryonic stem cells turn into.

Answer 30

any type of cell

Question 31

what can stem cells cure

Answer 31

disease

Question 32

why are some people against stem cells.

Answer 32

killing potential human life some countries ban stem cells research

Question 33

what is the diffusion

Answer 33

diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 34

what happens when the concentration gradient is bigger

Answer 34

the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 35

where does diffusion happen

Answer 35

solutions and gas

Question 36

what is osmosis

Answer 36

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane form a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 36

what is active transport

Answer 36

substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient from a lower to a higher concentration

Question 37

what do root hairs take in

Answer 37

minerals and water

Question 38

how do root hairs take in minerals

Answer 38

by active transport

Question 39

what does active transport need to work

Answer 39

energy from respiration

Question 40

where in the body does gas exchange happen from

Answer 40

the lungs

Question 41

what do the villi provide

Answer 41

a really big surface area