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biology > topic 1 cells biology > Flashcards

topic 1 cells biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the two types of organisms

A

prokartyotes or eukaryotes

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2
Q

what is a prokaryotes

A

prokaryotic cell

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3
Q

what cell includes animal and plant cells

A

eukaryotic cells which are complex

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4
Q

what is an example of a prokaryotic cell

A

bacteria

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5
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

contains genetic material that controls the activities of cells

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6
Q

what is the function of cytoplasm

A

where most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place

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7
Q

what is a cell membrane

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

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8
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria

A

these are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place

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9
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

where proteins are made

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10
Q

what is the function of a permanent vacuole

A

contains cell sap

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11
Q

what is the function of the cell wall

A

it gives the cell structure and support

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12
Q

what is chloroplast

A

these are where photosynthesis occurs. which makes green substances called chlorophyll.

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13
Q

what cell is smaller eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

prokaryotic

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14
Q

what part of a cell does a bacteria cell not have

A

chloroplast and mitochondria

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15
Q

what is the formula for magnification

A

magnification= image size/
real size

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16
Q

what is differentiation

A

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

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17
Q

in an animal cell when is the ability to differentiate usually lost

A

early stages after they become specialised

18
Q

when cells differentiate in a mature animal what is the reason

A

repairing and replacing cells

19
Q

what are undifferentiated cells known as

A

stem cells

20
Q

how is a sperm cell specialised for reproduction

A

long tail
streamlined head
mitochondria

21
Q

how are nerve spells specialised for signalling

A

long (cover distnace)
branched connections
can connect to form a network

22
Q

how are muscle cells specialised for contraction

A

long (space to contract)
contain lots of mitochondria

23
Q

how are root hair cells specialised for absorbing water and minerals

A

big surface area
small hairs

24
Q

how are the phloem and xylem specialised for transporting substances

A

tubes
hollow
very few subcellular structures

25
Q

what do chromosomes contain

A

genetic information

26
Q

what are chromosomes

A

coiled up DNA molecules

27
Q

what is the first stage of the cell cycle

A

Growth and DNA replication

28
Q

what happens to the cell first

A

grows and increase

29
Q

what is stage 2 in the cell cycle

A

mitosis

30
Q

what can embryonic stem cells turn into.

A

any type of cell

31
Q

what can stem cells cure

A

disease

32
Q

why are some people against stem cells.

A

killing potential human life

some countries ban stem cells research

33
Q

what is the diffusion

A

diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

34
Q

what happens when the concentration gradient is bigger

A

the faster the rate of diffusion

35
Q

where does diffusion happen

A

solutions and gas

36
Q

what is osmosis

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane form a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

36
Q

what is active transport

A

substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient from a lower to a higher concentration

37
Q

what do root hairs take in

A

minerals and water

38
Q

how do root hairs take in minerals

A

by active transport

39
Q

what does active transport need to work

A

energy from respiration

40
Q

where in the body does gas exchange happen from

A

the lungs

41
Q

what do the villi provide

A

a really big surface area

biology (2 decks)

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