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Biology > Topic 1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What types of cells are prokaryotic

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

What type of cells are eukaryotic

A

Plants and animals

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Aerobic respiration takes place here

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Chemical reactions happen here

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Holds cell together and controlls what goes in and out

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

It supports the cell

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9
Q

Permanent vacuole (contains)

A

Cell sap

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10
Q

Chloroplasts (2)

A

1.contain green chlorophyll
2.where photosynthesis occurs

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11
Q

Name the 5 parts of a bacteria cell

A

Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Circular strand of dna
Plasmid

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12
Q

Magnification =

A

Image size ÷ real size

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13
Q

Millimeter to micrometer to nanometer

A

×1000
×1000

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14
Q

Differences between light and electron microscopes

A

1.Light microscopes use light and lenses
2.Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light and have a higher magnification and resolution.

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15
Q

Parts of a light microscopes (6)

A

Eyepiece
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Light
High and low power objective lense
Stage

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16
Q

What to include when drawing a magnified cell (4)

A

Title
Magnification
Labels
Real length

17
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

Is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

18
Q

What is different about the ability to differentiate in plant and animal cells?

A

Animal cells loose the ability to differentiate at an early stage.

Plant cells don’t ever loose the ability to differentiated

19
Q

How are sperms cells specialised for reproduction? (3)

A

It has a long tail and streamline head to help it swim to the egg

Lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed

Carries enzymes in head to digest through the egg cell membrane

20
Q

How are nerve cells specialised for rapid signalling? (2)

A

Long to cover more distance

Have branched connections at their ends to connect the other nerve cells to form a network

21
Q

How are muscle cells specialised for contraction? (2)

A

They are long so they have space to contract

Contain lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed

22
Q

How are root hair cells specialised for absorbing water and minerals? (1)

A

They grow out of the roots which gives the plant a bigger surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions

23
Q

What is the genetic material in the nucleus called?

A

Chromosomes

24
Q

Body cells normally have how many copies of each Chromosome?

A

2

25
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Long lengths of a molecule called dna

26
Q

What do Chromosomes carry?

A

A large number of genes

27
Q

What is mitosis?

A

When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical

28
Q

Why do cells use mitosis?

A

Grow and develop
Replace cells that have been damaged

29
Q

What happens during the growth and replication stage of the cell cycle?

A

1) Before it divides the cell has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes.
2) it then duplicates its dna which is copied to form x shaped Chromosomes.

30
Q

What happens during the mitosis stage of the cell cycle?

A

1) the Chromosomes line up at the centre of cell
2) cell fibres pull them apart to opposite ends of the cell
3) membranes form around the Chromosomes which become the nuclei of the 2 cells
4) lastly the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

31
Q

What is binary fission?

A

A type of simple cell division used by prokaryotic cells

32
Q

The process of binary fission:

A

1) circular dna and plasmids replicate
2) cell gets bigger and dna strands move to opposite ends of the cell
3)the cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form
4) the cytoplasm divides and makes 2 cells. Each one has one copy of circular dna but can have a variable amount of copies of the plasmids

33
Q

How do you estimate the number of bacteria in a population?

A

Mean division time

34
Q

What is the mean division time?

A

The average time it takes for one bacterial cell to divide into two

Biology (2 decks)

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