Topic 1: Cell Biology Flashcards
Practicals: Osmosis Diagrams: Animal Cell, Plant Cell, Prokaryotic Cell, Fluid Mosaic Model, Different phases of mitosis
Nucleus
Double membrane that stores DNA
Nucleolus
are in nucleus that makes ribosomes
Mitochondria
ATP production/aeorobic cell respiration + folded inner membrane increasing SA:V ratio
Golgi apparatus
Assembly of folded membranes for material secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network transports materials via vesicles
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesises Lipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesises proteins
Vesicles
Membrane sacs involved in transport and storage of material
Peroxisomes
digestion of toxic metabolites
Lysosomes
breaking down cellular wastes
vacuoles
store excess fluids
ribosomes
protein synthesises on rough ER or cytosol
Chloroplasts
photosynthesis
Thylakoids
structure in chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs
Exception; red blood cells
called erythrocytes, discard nucleus and mitochondria to increase SA:V ratio for more efficient gas exchange and ability to move through capillary vessels. eukaryote without a nucleus
Exception; Aseptate Fungal Hyphae
Tubular Projections of multicellular fungi that form a mycelium which have many nuclei
Exception; Skeletal Muscles
Large cells with many nuclei
Exception; Phloem Sieve Tube
Lose their nucleus and other organelles during development which allows space for transport
Nucleoid
Genetic Material in cytosol
Plasmids
DNA molecules exchanged to other prokaryotes
Pili
Hair-like extensions aid in adhesion/ plasma exchange
Flagella
Whip-like projections that aid in movement
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of life, cells come form preexisting cells.
Endosymbiosis
Large cell taking in smaller cell by endocytosis. Mitochondria and chloroplasts - double membrane, susceptible to antibiotics, have their own DNA, divide similarity to binary fission, 70S ribosomes
Totipotent Stem Cells
Embryonic, can produce any tissue, only exist in early stages of life.
Pluripotent Stem Cells
embryonic, arise from totipotent, can produce all types of cells but not enough to make a whole organism