Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Exam Questions > Topic 1-Biological molecules > Flashcards

Topic 1-Biological molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Why do leaves get greener, and plants don’t grow until then?

A

-Magnesium needed for chlorophyll synthesis
-Nitrates needed for growth
-Time taken for chlorophyl to be made
-Can’t grow until it photosynthesises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does water enable muscles to push against body fluid

A

-tightly bonded to each water molecule
-by hydrogen bonds
-incompressible
-shape of body changes as the volume of water doesn’t change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is 30 degrees a suitable temp for different fish?

A

-High enough so it doesn’t die but low that it still has enough oxygen
-if too high, enzymes would denature and will not have enough oxygen for respiration
-if too low, enzymes won’t have enough energy to collide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is protein soluble in water?

A

-protein folded so hydrophilic group is in the outside
-exposed R groups are polar
-water can form hydrogen bonds with polar/charged particles
-as water is a polar solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does drought affect quality of food for herbivores?

A

-less water taken from the soil
-less water in the plant
-less ions such as nitrates/magnesium
-less water for photosynthesis
-less glucose produced
-less biomass of plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Difference between glucose and ribose

A

-glucose is hexose sugar, ribose is pentose
-glucose has formula C6H12O6 whereas ribose has c5H10O5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structure of glycogen

A

-branched molecule of 1,4 bonds
-compact for energy storage
-1,6 glycosidic bond
-easy breakdown
-insoluble so doesn’t affect osmosis
-large so doesn’t leave cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Accuracy when measuring mass

A

-Increase drying time so all solvent is dried
-repeat to reduce standard deviation
-rinse off all precipitate from filter paper so they all get measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compare monosaccharides and disaccharides

A

Different general formula
disaccharides have glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Starch function and structure

A

-plants only
-large so insoluble and not osmotic
-many glucose so compact and good energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cellulose

A

-hydrogen bonds
-straight chain
-mesh like/parallel structure
-lignin holds mesh like structure
-prevent cell bursting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phospholipids

A

-bilayer
-hydrophilic head on the outside to interact with aqueous environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phospholipids and triglycerides difference

A

Phospholipids are polar and triglycerides are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Triglycerides and other molecules

A

Triglyceride hydrophobic so repels water (good energy source as there isn’t water)
Other molecules are hydrophilic so dissolves in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Importance of primary structure protein

A

-determines tertiary shape
-r groups determine position of bonds (ionic/covalent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Collagen

A

-3 polypeptide bonds
-helices joined together
-hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydrolysis

A

-breakdown of glycosidic bonds
-water needed

18
Q

Optimum plant growth

A

-contain all mineral ions
-at optimum concentration
-nitrate and magnesium

19
Q

Protein synthesis

A

-peptide bonds between amino and carboxylic group to make primary structure
-further folding into secondary and tertiary, ionic/disulfide/hydrogen bonds between R groups

20
Q

Lipids as energy storage

A

-insoluble
-high hydrogen content
-insulation as don’t conduct heat
-large molecules loosely packed

21
Q

Variation in DNA sequence

A

-more triplet codes than amino acids
-code is degenerate
-Same AA have different codes
-Help maintain structure in case of a mutation

22
Q

Comparing AA sequences

A

-No. of bases/codons
-type of AA made
-sequence of AA

23
Q

tRNA + mRNA reading

A

5’ tp 3’

24
Q

Structure of DNA

A

-Double helix composed of 2 strands
-nucleotides held by phosphodiester bonds
-complementary bases held by hydrogen bonds

25
Q

Effect of chemical in DNA

A

-Double helix can’t be unzipped to form templates
-transcription can’t occur
-both cells affected

26
Q

Effect of inhibitors in protein synthesis

A

-Some pre made RNA still exists
-Some synthesis takes place

27
Q

Translation steps

A
  1. mRNA attaches to ribosomes
  2. tRNA attaches to ribosomes
  3. mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons attach through complementary base pairing
  4. Instructions translated
  5. Amino acids join with peptide bonds between amino and carboxylic group
  6. Start and stop codons involved
28
Q

Role of ribosomes

A

Translation-holds mRNA and tRNA together

29
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A

-similar structure
-bind to active site

30
Q

Controlling temperature

A

Use a THERMOSTICALLY CONTROLLED water bath

31
Q

Rate of reaction with enzymes

A

-Substrate used up so less substrate left to collide with enzyme

32
Q

Hydrogen peroxide potato experiment

A

More O2 produced as more potato is added and SA increase
may level off as substrate is in excess

33
Q

Practicals concerning rate

A

-control of ph and temperature
-Initial rate should be measured
-a range of concentration should be used (over 5)
-collect volume using gas syringe
-replace bung quickly

34
Q

Graph that levels off quicker

A

Non competitive inhibitor as reaction doesn’t reach rate w/o inhibitor
It changes active site

35
Q

Reasons for measuring initial rate with enzymes

A

-As soon as the reaction starts rate substrate is broken down
-substrate conc no longer controlled
-Sustrate shouldn’t be limiting

36
Q

Protease

A

Digests other enzymes as it is a protein

37
Q

Globular protein

A

-hydrophyllic group on outside
-hydrogen bond with water
-water is a polar solvent

38
Q

Enzyme effect

A

-lowers activation E
-as a large no. of ATP molecules used
-as reaction requires lots of E
-to make up for nitrogen being unreactive

39
Q

Benedicts test on sugars

A

-linear increase until 12 as all glucose reacts
-stops increasing linear from 12
-as glucose in excess

40
Q

Saturated lipid

A

fatty acid chains associate with each other more easily

41
Q

Protein bond

A

Between R groups

Biology Exam Questions (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions