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Alevel Biology > Topic 1 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 monosaccharides

A

Glucose, amino acids and nucleotides

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2
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Monomers

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3
Q

What are polymers?

A

Molecules made up of many monomers joined together

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4
Q

How are monomers join together?

A

By chemical bond in a condensation reaction Whereby a water molecule is eliminated

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5
Q

What reaction is the opposite of a condensation reaction and what happens in it?

A

Hydrolysis is where water is added to break a chemical bond between two molecules

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6
Q

What three elements make up carbohydrates

A

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

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7
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Long chains of sugar units called saccharides

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8
Q

What is a single monomer and a pair of monomers of carbohydrates called

A

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide

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9
Q

What do you get by combining many monosaccharides together?

A

The formation of a polysaccharide, which are joined together by a glycosidic bond Formed in a condensation reaction

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10
Q

What is the main substrate for respiration?

A

The monosaccharide: glucose

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11
Q

How many carbon atoms are in glucose?

A

Six

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12
Q

What are the isomers of glucose?

A

Alpha (H on top) and beta (OH on top)

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13
Q

Three. Examples of monosaccharides.

A

Glucose galactose fructose

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14
Q

General formula for monosaccharides

A

(CH2O)n
n is between 3 -7

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15
Q

Three Common disaccharides, and how they are formed

A

Maltose - condensation of two glucose molecules
Sucrose - condensation of glucose in fructose
Lactose - condensation of glucose and galactose.

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16
Q

How are polysaccharides formed?

A

From many glucose units join together

17
Q

Three examples are polysaccharides

A

Glycogen , starch and cellulose

18
Q

How is glycogen and starch formed?

A

By the condensation of alpha glucose

Glycogen : 1, 4 and 1, 6 glycosidic bonds

19
Q

How is Celulose formed?

A

Condensation of beta glucose

20
Q

Why is it useful that glycogen has a large number of sidebranches

A

Energy can be released quickly as enzymes can act simultaneously on the branches

21
Q

Describe the glycogen polysaccharide molecule

A

Large and compact, therefore, maximising the amount of energy it can store
Insoluble, so it doesn’t affect the water potential of cells and cannot diffuse out of cells by osmosis

22
Q

What does starch stores and what is it a mixture of?

A

Stores energy in plants and is a mixture of two polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin

23
Q

What is amylose?

A

Unbranched chains of glucose molecules joined by 1, 4 glycosidic bonds
Coiled, when is very compact, storeroom lots of energy

24
Q

What is amylopectin?

A

Alevel Biology (3 decks)

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