Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Where is the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

Middle of the atom

Question 2

What does the nucleus contain/

Answer 2

Protons + neutrons

Question 3

What overall charge does the nucleus have?

Answer 3

Positive (protons positively charged + neutrons neutral)

Question 4

Where is the majority of the mass of the atom concentrated?

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

How big is the nucleus compared to the whole atom?

Answer 5

Very small

Question 6

What do electrons do?

Answer 6

Move around the nucleus

Question 7

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 7

Negative charge

Question 8

How does a proton’s charge and an electron’s charge compare?

Answer 8

Equal and opposite charges (in an atom)

Question 9

What determines how big an atom is?

Answer 9

The size of the electron’s orbits

Question 10

How much mass do electrons have?

Answer 10

Virtually no mass

Question 11

Where do electrons occupy?

Answer 11

Shells (energy levels) around the nucleus

Question 12

What is the charge of an atom?

Answer 12

0 - no overall charge

Question 13

What relative charge to protons have?

Answer 13

+1

Question 14

What relative mass do protons have?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

What relative mass do neutrons have?

Answer 15

1

Question 16

What relative charge do neutrons have?

Answer 16

0

Question 17

What relative mass do electrons have?

Answer 17

1/2000

Question 18

What relative charge do electrons have?

Answer 18

-1

Question 19

What are the 5 electron shell rules?

Answer 19

1) Electrons always occupy shells (sometimes called energy levels)
2) Lowest energy always filled first (ones closest to nucleus)
3) Only a certain number of electrons allowed in each shell (1st shell: 2; 2nd shell: 8; 3rd shell: 8)
4) Atoms are ‘happier’ when they have full electron shells
5) In most atoms outer shell isn’t full making atom want to react

Question 20

What is an element?

Answer 20

Consists of only one type of atom

Question 21

What decides which element an atom is?

Answer 21

The number of protons

Question 22

What does the atomic number tell you about an atom?

Answer 22

• How many protons in the atom
• Unique to each element (as not two elements have same number of protons)
• How many electrons there are (as number of protons = number of electrons)

Question 23

What does the mass number tell you about an atom?

Answer 23

• Total number of protons + neutrons (can find number of neutrons by taking atomic number from mass number)
• Usually roughly double atomic number (usually same number of protons + neutrons)

Question 24

What is an isotope?

Answer 24

Different atomic forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutron

Question 25

How do Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 differ in structure?

Answer 25

- Both have 6 protons + 6 electrons - Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons - Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons

Question 26

How is relative atomic mass calculated?

Answer 26

- Multiply mass of each isotope by its relative abundance - Add those together - Divide by the sum of the relative abundance

Question 27

What is the relative abundance of an isotope?

Answer 27

How much there is of each isotope compared to the total amount of element in the world (can be ratio, fraction, percentage)

Question 28

What role did Dmitri Mendeleev play in forming the Periodic Table?

Answer 28

- 1869: arranged 50 or so known elements according to their properties of their compounds to make Table of Elements - Placed elements with similar chemical properties in same vertical group; found had to leave gaps to make table work

Question 29

What did the gaps in Mendeleev's table show?

Answer 29

- Predict properties of undiscovered elements - New elements fit into gaps of his table - New group been added to table (incl. helium, neon, argon); colourless gas which don't react much - Over last 100 years been refind to produce modern periodic table

Question 30

What are Group 1 of the Periodic Table?

Answer 30

Alkali metals

Question 31

What are the middle block of the Periodic Table?

Answer 31

Transition metals

Question 32

What are Group 7 of the Periodic Table?

Answer 32

Halogens

Question 33

What are Group 8/Group 0 of the Periodic Table?

Answer 33

Noble gases

Question 34

What are the rows of the Periodic Table called?

Answer 34

Periods

Question 35

How are elements arranged within a period on the Periodic Table?

Answer 35

Increasing atomic number along each row

Question 36

What is the period number the same as?

Answer 36

The number of electron shells

Question 37

What are the columns of the Periodic Table called?

Answer 37

Groups

Question 38

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 38

- Similar properties | - Same number of electrons in outer shell (hence similar properties)

Question 39

What often changes as you go down the Periodic Table?

Answer 39

The reactivity (as atomic number increases) + properties of elements