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Additional Chemistry > Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the nucleus of an atom?

A

Middle of the atom

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2
Q

What does the nucleus contain/

A

Protons + neutrons

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3
Q

What overall charge does the nucleus have?

A

Positive (protons positively charged + neutrons neutral)

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4
Q

Where is the majority of the mass of the atom concentrated?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

How big is the nucleus compared to the whole atom?

A

Very small

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6
Q

What do electrons do?

A

Move around the nucleus

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7
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Negative charge

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8
Q

How does a proton’s charge and an electron’s charge compare?

A

Equal and opposite charges (in an atom)

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9
Q

What determines how big an atom is?

A

The size of the electron’s orbits

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10
Q

How much mass do electrons have?

A

Virtually no mass

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11
Q

Where do electrons occupy?

A

Shells (energy levels) around the nucleus

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12
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

0 - no overall charge

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13
Q

What relative charge to protons have?

A

+1

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14
Q

What relative mass do protons have?

A

1

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15
Q

What relative mass do neutrons have?

A

1

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16
Q

What relative charge do neutrons have?

A

0

17
Q

What relative mass do electrons have?

A

1/2000

18
Q

What relative charge do electrons have?

A

-1

19
Q

What are the 5 electron shell rules?

A

1) Electrons always occupy shells (sometimes called energy levels)
2) Lowest energy always filled first (ones closest to nucleus)
3) Only a certain number of electrons allowed in each shell (1st shell: 2; 2nd shell: 8; 3rd shell: 8)
4) Atoms are ‘happier’ when they have full electron shells
5) In most atoms outer shell isn’t full making atom want to react

20
Q

What is an element?

A

Consists of only one type of atom

21
Q

What decides which element an atom is?

A

The number of protons

22
Q

What does the atomic number tell you about an atom?

A
  • How many protons in the atom
  • Unique to each element (as not two elements have same number of protons)
  • How many electrons there are (as number of protons = number of electrons)
23
Q

What does the mass number tell you about an atom?

A
  • Total number of protons + neutrons (can find number of neutrons by taking atomic number from mass number)
  • Usually roughly double atomic number (usually same number of protons + neutrons)
24
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Different atomic forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutron

25
Q

How do Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 differ in structure?

A
  • Both have 6 protons + 6 electrons
  • Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons
  • Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons
26
Q

How is relative atomic mass calculated?

A
  • Multiply mass of each isotope by its relative abundance
  • Add those together
  • Divide by the sum of the relative abundance
27
Q

What is the relative abundance of an isotope?

A

How much there is of each isotope compared to the total amount of element in the world (can be ratio, fraction, percentage)

28
Q

What role did Dmitri Mendeleev play in forming the Periodic Table?

A
  • 1869: arranged 50 or so known elements according to their properties of their compounds to make Table of Elements
  • Placed elements with similar chemical properties in same vertical group; found had to leave gaps to make table work
29
Q

What did the gaps in Mendeleev’s table show?

A
  • Predict properties of undiscovered elements
  • New elements fit into gaps of his table
  • New group been added to table (incl. helium, neon, argon); colourless gas which don’t react much
  • Over last 100 years been refind to produce modern periodic table
30
Q

What are Group 1 of the Periodic Table?

A

Alkali metals

31
Q

What are the middle block of the Periodic Table?

A

Transition metals

32
Q

What are Group 7 of the Periodic Table?

A

Halogens

33
Q

What are Group 8/Group 0 of the Periodic Table?

A

Noble gases

34
Q

What are the rows of the Periodic Table called?

A

Periods

35
Q

How are elements arranged within a period on the Periodic Table?

A

Increasing atomic number along each row

36
Q

What is the period number the same as?

A

The number of electron shells

37
Q

What are the columns of the Periodic Table called?

A

Groups

38
Q

What do elements in the same group have in common?

A
  • Similar properties

- Same number of electrons in outer shell (hence similar properties)

39
Q

What often changes as you go down the Periodic Table?

A

The reactivity (as atomic number increases) + properties of elements

Additional Chemistry (6 decks)

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