Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Alkali metals:

Answer 1

The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Question 2

Atom:

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.

Question 3

Atomic nucleus:

Answer 3

Positively charged object made of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom, with one or more electrons orbiting it.

Question 4

Atomic number:

Answer 4

The number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 5

Chromatography:

Answer 5

A separation technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals by distributing the components between two phases.

Question 6

Compound:

Answer 6

A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined.

Question 7

Crystallisation:

Answer 7

A separation technique used to produce solid crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.

Question 8

Displacement:

Answer 8

A chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.

Question 9

Electron:

Answer 9

Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass (negligible).

Question 10

Electron shell:

Answer 10

Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons.

Question 11

Element:

Answer 11

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Question 12

Filtration:

Answer 12

A separation technique used to separate insoluble solids from liquids.

Question 13

Fractional distillation:

Answer 13

A method of separating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points.

Question 14

Group (periodic table):

Answer 14

The columns of the periodic table represent different groups of elements. Elements with similar properties are in the same group.(Shows number of electrons in outer shell.)

Question 15

Halogens:

Answer 15

The elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.

Question 16

Ion:

Answer 16

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 17

Isotope:

Answer 17

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 18

Mass number:

Answer 18

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 19

Metals:

Answer 19

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.

Question 20

Mixture:

Answer 20

A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined.

Question 21

Neutron:

Answer 21

Neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.

Question 22

Noble gases:

Answer 22

The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.

Question 23

Non-metals:

Answer 23

Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the right and top of the periodic table.

Question 24

Nuclear model:

Answer 24

The nuclear atomic model stated that the mass was concentrated at the centre of the atom and that the nucleus was (positively) charged.

Question 25

Periodic table:

Answer 25

Table of elements arranged in order of atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group).

Question 26

Plum pudding model:

Answer 26

Atomic model devised after the discovery of the electron. The model suggests the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons scattered through it.

Question 27

Proton:

Answer 27

Positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.

Question 28

Relative atomic mass:

Answer 28

An average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the element.

Question 29

Simple distillation:

Answer 29

A procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated.

Question 30

Transition metals:

Answer 30

The collection of metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table.