Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is filtration?
The separation of insoluble solids from a liquid
What is filter paper used for in filtration?
To gather the solid
What is Crystallisation used for?
The separation of soluble solids from a liquid
What are the two ways to separate a soluble salt from a solution?
Evaporation
Crystallisation
What is group 7?
Halogens
What happens to halogens as you go down Group 7?
They become less reactive
High melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass
How many electrons do group 7 have in their outer shell?
7
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of a electron?
Very small / 0
What is the charge of a proton ?
+1
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the charge of a electron?
-1
What does the atomic number tell you?
How many protons there are
What does the mass number tell you?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
How do you get the number of neutrons?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
What is an element?
A substance made of one type of an atom
What is a subatomic particle?
Objects that are found in atoms, including protons, neutrons and electrons
What is an ion?
It a atom with a positive or negative charge
How is an ion formed?
When an atom gains or loses electrons
What are the 3 different particles atoms are made up of?
Electron
Proton
Neutron
What is the center of the atom called?
Nucleus
How are compounds formed?
In a chemical reaction with an element
What was the plum pudding model thought to be?
A ball of positive charge, with electrons scattered through
What 2 things did Dmitri Mendeleev do to the periodic table?
Arraigned the laments in order of atomic weight
He lefts gaps in periodic table
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in periodic table?
He predicted new elements and properties would fit in the gaps
What is group 0?
Noble gases
Why are noble gases unreactive?
They have a full outer shell of electrons
Does the melting and boiling points of the noble gases increase or decrease as you futon down the group?
Increase
What is group 1?
Alkali metals
Why does the reactivity of metal increase as you go down the group?
Because the number of electron shells in each atom increase
What did John Newlands order his periodic table in?
In order of atomic mass
What did John Newlamds realise?
He realised similar properties occurred every eight element - ‘law of octaves’ but broken down after calcium
What do alkali metals form when reacted with oxygen?
Creates an oxide
