Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question 1

Structure of Atoms

Identify the charges of the subatomic particles.

Answer 1

Protons = positive charge
Neutrons = neutral charge
Electrons = negative charge

Question 2

Structure of Atoms

Describe the placement of the subatomic particles.

Answer 2

Protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus, electrons are placed accordingly on the electron shells (2n^2 rule).

Question 3

Structure of Atoms

What is a corelation between mass number and atomic number?

Formula?

Answer 3

mass number - atomic number = amount of neutrons

If atomic number is known, this can be used to find atomic/mass number.

Question 4

Structure of atoms

What is mass number?

Answer 4

Total number of particles in a nucleus.
Protons + neutrons = mass number

Question 5

Electron Configuration

How can you find the amount of electrons that can be fit on the electron shell?

Formula?

Answer 5

2n^2

n = number of shell (e.g. n=1,n=2)

Question 6

Electron Configuration

What is the octet rule?

Answer 6

A valence shell can hold a total of 8 electrons, which ALL atoms try to achieve (whether its to lose or gain electrons).

For atoms which atomic numbers greater than 18, would have a fourth shell.

Question 7

Ions

How are ions created?

Answer 7

In order to get full valence shells, atoms tend to lose or gain electrons (depending on which is easier).

When it loses an electron it becomes a cation. When it gains an electron it becomes an anion.

cation +
anion -