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history usa > Topic 1 - Affluence and conformity 1955-63 > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Affluence and conformity 1955-63 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe Pruit Igoe
when was it built
why did it fail
what year had it failed by

A

built 1956
housing project
failed due to lack of care from government as the majority of the population was single females/black families, poor transport + a lack of maintenance
1963 failed - theft + rapes common

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2
Q

Describe ‘holiday inn’
What was it the beginning of
what did it reflect

A

beginning of american roadside motel chain
reflected new ‘on the road’ culture

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3
Q

rise in Car ownership
what did it reflect

A

reflected how young generation desired independence + escape parental control

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4
Q

Car ownership
what did it indicate

A

social class + ethnic group

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5
Q

How did car ownership help encourage the decline of urban lifestyle + growth of suburbs

A

white flight
driven by cheap mortages + good transporttion
whites prefer racially homogenous neighbourhoods

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6
Q

Ghettos
what were they the result of

A

Black american great migration north
the increasing number of black people headed north due to family relatives + white racism

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7
Q

Levittowns
What are they
Why were they so attractive
how much (times x) family income were they
Who were they for ?

A

Housing in suburbs built by Levitt brothers
Well built, very cheap (2.5x family income)
Racially exclusive for white people

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8
Q

Consumerism
How does america leading the world in terms of material purchase demonstrate affluence

A

Disposable income high

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9
Q

Teenage consumers
How many teenage girls aged 18-19 were wives
how did teenage wives contribute to a more consumer society?

A

1/3
more likely to buy furniture

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10
Q

1950’s teenage culture explain
resistance
film
income
cars
examples of famous figures
music

A

-film industry grew
-access to automobile
-expendible income
- marlon brando - motorcycle jacket + blue jeans
-singing about good looking women + fast cars
-music became portable - teenagers listen to their OWN music anywhere
- chuck berry rock and roll
-people from conservative religious background protested rock + roll

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11
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Little rock high school
PROGRESS
1.what year was it
2.what was the topeka vs brown ruling
3. how did eisenhower help?

A

1.1957
2. desegregate schools
3. federalized national guard and escorted students via executive order

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12
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Little rock high school
LIMITATIONS
1. what was the role of the WCC
2. what remained after the little rock 9 graduated ?

A
  1. lobbied black students also many attempts by local authorities to stop students
  2. Racism
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13
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Greensboro sit in - no limitations
PROGRESS
1.when was it
2.what was the impact of them
3.why did stores have to change policy
4. what was the role of the media
5. how long did it take to desegregate

A
  1. 1960
  2. sparked non violent protests + stores had to change policy
    - sit ins around
  3. no money could be made as no customers as full of protestors
  4. designated lots of attention - televised
  5. less than 1 year
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14
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Freedom summer 1961
PROGRESS
1.describe missipi murders + impact
2. describe freedom summer (what was it )
3. how did Freedome summer contribute to passing of CRA 1964

A
  1. 11 killed (CORE workers) = media coverage
  2. voting program - literacy + education practice provided to black childrne in order for them to pass test to vote
  3. put pressure on gov
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15
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Freedom summer 1961
LIMITATIONS
1. how many people actually accepted to vote out of those who registered test?
2. where was the impact strictly limited to

A
  1. 1600/17000
  2. Missispi
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16
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Freedom rides 1961
PROGRESS
1. describe how media attention aided CR progress
2. 1961 what did kennedy do that encouraged the desgregation of interstate travel
LIMITATIONS
3.what was the limitation

A
  1. riders beaten, firebombed - media helped gain sympathy + support for CRA 1964
  2. sent federal marshals to escort riders
  3. Riders harmed
17
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Birmingham (Bomingham)
PROGRESS
1. when was it
2. describe the events - campaign C
3. what was the outcome
how many cities had desegregation measures in place after

A
  1. 1963
  2. campaign C - sit ins, encouraged young people
    • Desegregation timetable announced for BIrmingham
      - it sparked protests all over USA
      - 143 cities deseg measures
18
Q

Civil rights 1957-63
Birmingham (Bomingham)
LIMITATIONS
1. presidential support

A
  1. support came late from Kennedy
19
Q

Car Culture USA
Causes of car ownership increase

A

Technology - automatic transmission
Affluence increase for teenagers (following on the road culture = more money
Independence gained by cars for women + teenagers
Social status reflected by car owned

20
Q

Car culture USA
consequences of car ownership increase for:
1. Society/women
- when was kinsey survey + what did it show
- how did cars benefit women
- what cars did wealthy white people like
- what cars did working class black people like
- what did working class hispanic people desire
- how did the family car become a source of conflict ?

A
    • sex in car as much as at home
      - cars allowed for women to travel to mall for small purchases (big purchases made by men e.g TV or car)
      - caddilac
      - second hand ford
      - second hand chevy
      - men tried to monopolise driving seat
21
Q

Car Culture USA
Role of Eisenhower’s presidency in enhancing car culture
- highway - why?
why did he encourage

A

-created interstate highway system (jealous of autobahn)
- Increased traffic needed to be handled
- MORE CARS = greater standard of living

22
Q

on the road culture led to an explode in service industries
what was the impact:

A

changed landscape: rural america covered in neon signs + restaurants

23
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
Describe:
1.Area redevelopment act (1961)
2. Social security amendments act (1961)
3. Equal pay act (1963)

A
  1. $394m on training/jobs in poorer areas BUT CANCELLED IN 1963
  2. Benefits for elderly + disabled
  3. aimed to abolish wage disparity based on sex
24
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Domestic policy
How did kennedy help the poor

A

Social security amendments act (1961)
minimum wage act ( 500,000 remaining uncovered by minimum wage )
Food and agriculture act 1962
Equal pay act

25
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Domestic policy
How did kennedy help civil rights

A

freedom riders - kennedy sent marshals to escort riders
Birmingham - support but slow

26
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Domestic policy
Area redevelopment act - success or failure ?

A

LIMITED SUCCESS due to poor funding
act only lasted till 63

27
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Foreign policy
Peace corps
1.what was its purpose and what did it aim to acheive
2.did the american public like it ?
3.how many countries received aid

A
  1. help impoverished countries, aimed to show that USA values better than Soviet values
  2. 71% approved
  3. 44
28
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Cuban missile crisis
1. how did it start
2. describe Bay of Pigs
3.what was the treaty agreed by Kennedy between US + USSR + what did it do

A
  1. Economy of Cuba owned by USA - Castro disliked
  2. Cuban exiles deployed by Kennedy - failed due to underestimate by CIA - Kennedy took public blame
  3. 1963 Limited test band treaty - banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water
29
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Veitnam
JFK -
1.what did he want to do regading veitnam?
why?

A
  1. strengthen south veitnamese whilst avoiding direct US involvement
    to avoid communism
30
Q

How successful was Kennedy’s presidency (1961 - 63)
‘‘Failures at home, success abroad’’ ?
Space
1. How much did jfk tax each American for space race
2. what was the outcome of winning the space race

A
  1. $225
  2. brought patriotism to every single american
31
Q

How successful was Johnsons ‘great soceity’ programme ?
1.What was ‘the Johnson treatment’

A

1.cornered wavering congress men in Oval Office

32
Q

How successful was Johnsons ‘great soceity’ programme ?
name 7 acts

A
  1. head start programme
  2. minimum wage act - raised wag e+ included new workers
  3. Omnibus housing act - funds for public housing + low income families
  4. Medical care act: Medicaid + Medicare for elderly
  5. Civil rights act
  6. Air + Water quality act: set standards + mae states enforce them
    7.Voting rights act
33
Q

What was the poverty rate in 1963 VS 1969

A

1963 - 20%
1969- 12.5%

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