Topic 1

Question 1

Cultural deprivation

Answer 1

The theory that many working class and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the right culture needed for educational success e.g. Lack of correct language, attitudes and behaviour

Question 2

Cultural capital

Answer 2

Knowledge attitudes values language tastes and abilities that the middle class transmit to their children. Giving the middle class an advantage (argued by Bourdieu)

Question 3

Deferred gratification

Answer 3

Postponing immediate rewards or pleasures generally with the aim of producing a greater reward at a later date. Middle class socialised to think like this

Question 4

Elaborated code

Answer 4

A speech code typically used by the middle class. It has wider vocabulary and is based on longer grammatically more complex sentences. Speech is more varied and communicates abstract analytical ideas.

Question 5

Habitus

Answer 5

Introduced by Bordieu referred to learned taken for granted ways of thinking acting and being shared by a particular class or social group includes preferences and lifestyles

Question 6

Immediate gratification

Answer 6

A preference for immediate or present pleasure or reward without regard for longer term consequences e.g. Going out with friends not doing homework

Question 7

Material deprivation

Answer 7

Poverty, a lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet housing clothing or Money to buy food and school resources.

Question 8

Parentocracy

Answer 8

Literally, ‘rule by parents’ concept is based on the ideology of parental choice of school middle class parents may benefit from parentocracy as they have more cultural capital and are better placed to a good choice

Question 9

Restricted code

Answer 9

Speech code typically used by the working class limited vocabulary simple sentences speech is predictable it is descriptive not analytical

Question 10

Speech codes

Answer 10

Patterns or ways of using language. Bernstein argues working class use the context bound restricted code and middle class use analytical elaborated code

Question 11

Social class

Answer 11

Social groupings or hierarchy based on differences in wealth income or occupation Marx identified two opposing classes the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Mc &wc