Topic #1-4 Flashcards

0
Q

Culture relativism

A

Not be judged by standards of another culture

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1
Q

Paradigm

A

Way to Look, see, think about the world

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2
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

View ones culture as superior

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3
Q

Historical linguists

A

Evolution of language

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4
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

Different sexes use language; sex/gender, dialect shift or language shift

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5
Q

Grammar

A

Syntax

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6
Q

Lexicon

A

Dictionary

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7
Q

Phonology

A

Sounds in a language

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8
Q

Morphology

A

Depends on context and convey meaning

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9
Q

4 subfields of anthropology

A

Archeology
Biological
Linguistic
Cultural

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10
Q

3 fields of linguistic anthropology

A

Descriptive
Historical
Sociolinguistics

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11
Q

2 fields of cultural anthropology

A

Ethnography

Ethnology

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12
Q

Taboo

A

Forbidden

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13
Q

Cultural universal examples

A

Ex.1: insect taboo

Ex. 2: every culture has a connect of “family”

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14
Q

5 interests within biological anthropology:

A
Paleoanthropology
Human genetics 
Human growth and development 
Human biological plasticity 
The biology, evolution, behavior, and social life of monkeys, apes, and other non human primates
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15
Q

Ethnicity

A

Language, history religion, music, cuisine, dress, architecture

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16
Q

FOXP2 gene

A

Mutated gene

17
Q

Foraging characteristics

A

(Hunting and gathering)
People rely on nature to make a living, with little management of natural resources; less work than farming, band social unit and mobile lifestyle
Modern foragers live on marginal land

18
Q

Horticulture

A

Don’t use land, labor, capital and machinery. Use simple tools. Involves SLASH AND BURN techniques

19
Q

Pastoralism

A

People who use a food-producing strategy of adaptation based on caring for herds of domesticated animals

20
Q

Intensive agriculture

A

Significant environmental effects; irrigation ditches and paddies become repositories for organic wastes

21
Q

Industrial agriculture

A

Factory production, capitalism, socialist production

22
Q

Power

A

The ability to exercise ones will over others.

23
Q

Authority

A

The socially approved use of power

24
Q

Bands

A

Small kin-based group

25
Q

Tribes

A

Had economic based on non intensive food production

26
Q

Chiefdoms

A

A form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and state

27
Q

Foraging bands

A

Small, nomadic or semi nomadic social units-formed seasonally when component nuclear families got together.

28
Q

Egalitarian

A

Lack of social stratification

29
Q

Village head

A

Always a man

30
Q

“Big Man” and “Big Women”

A

Big man had supporters in several villages

31
Q

Ascribed status

A

Little or no choice about occupying them. Ex: age

32
Q

Achieved status

A

Come through choices, actions, efforts, talents, or accomplishments and may be positive or negative. Ex: senator, healer or terrorism

33
Q

Market principle

A

Profit oriented principle of exchange that dominates in states, particularly industrial states. Goods and services are bought and sold, and values are determined by supply and demand.

34
Q

Redistribution

A

Major exchange mode of chiefdoms, many archaic states, and some states with managed economies

35
Q

Reciprocity

A

One the three principles of exchange: generalized, balanced, and negative

36
Q

Subsistence fund

A

Work to eat

37
Q

Replacement fund

A

Must maintain their technology and other items essential to production.

38
Q

Social fund

A

Must help their friends, relatives, in laws, and neighbors.

39
Q

Ceremonial funds

A

Expenditures on ceremonies and rituals, requires time to lay out the wealth

40
Q

Rent fund

A

Refers to resources that people must render to an individual or agency that is superior politically or economically. Ex: landlords